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  3. Cheating is nothing new. But today, education and administrations are finding that instances of academic dishonesty on the part

Cheating is nothing new. But today, education and administrations are finding that instances of academic dishonesty on the part

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问题    Cheating is nothing new. But today, education and administrations are finding that instances of academic dishonesty on the part of students have become more frequent-- and are less likely to be punished--than in the past. Cheating appears to have gained acceptance among good and poor students alike.
   Why is student cheating on the rise? No one really knows. Some blame the trend on a general loosening of moral values among today’s youth. Others have attributed increased cheating to the fact that today’s youth are far more pragmatic(实际的) than their idealistic predecessors. Whereas in the late sixties and early seventies, students were filled with visions about changing the world, today’s students feel great pressure to conform and succeed. In interviews with students at high schools and colleges around the country, both young men and women said that cheating bad become easy. Some suggested they did it out of spite for teachers they did not respect. Others looked at it as a game. Only if they were caught, some said, would they feel guilty. "People are competitive," said a second-year college student named Anna, from Chicago. "There’s an underlying fear. If you don’t do well, your life is going to be ruined. The pressure is not only from parents and friends but from yourself. To achieve. To succeed. It’s almost as though we have to outdo other people to achieve our own goals."
   Edward Wynne, editor of a magazine blames the rise in academic dishonesty on the schools. He claims that administrators and teachers have been too hesitant to take action. Dwight Huber, chairman of the English Department at Amarillo sees the matter differently, blaming the rise in cheating on the way students evaluated. "I would cheat if I felt I was being cheated," Mr. Huber said. He feels that as long as teachers give short-answer tests rather than essay questions and rate students by the number of facts they can memorize rather than by how well they can synthesize information, students will try to beat the system. "The concept of cheating is based on the false assumption that the system is legitimate and there is something wrong with the individuals who’s doing it," he said. "That’s too easy an answer. We’ve got to start looking at the system."  
The phrase "the individuals" in Line 9, Para.3 refers to "______".
选项 A、teachers who are too hesitant to take actions against cheating
B、students who practice cheating
C、parents who put pressure on their children
D、school administrators who approve of short-answer tests
答案B
解析 细节题。the individuals出现在文章的倒数第三句，是Dwight Huber所说的话。这句话的意思是“作弊的概念是建立在一种错误的假设上的：教育体制是正确的，而那些作弊的人是不对的”。由此可知the individuals是指作弊的人，所以B正确。
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