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  3. A group of scientists known for their skepticism about climate change has reanalysed two centuries’ worth of global temperature

A group of scientists known for their skepticism about climate change has reanalysed two centuries’ worth of global temperature

admin2019-03-10  35
问题    A group of scientists known for their skepticism about climate change has reanalysed two centuries’ worth of global temperature records. Their study largely confirms previous ones: it finds strong evidence that Earth is getting hotter.
   "The valid issues raised by climate skeptics, when addressed fully and in detail, do not significantly change the answer," says lead author Richard Muller of the University of California, Berkeley. In a testimony (证据) to the US Congress earlier this year, Muller questioned whether global temperature records showed a significant warming during the 20th century. His project, the Berkeley Earth Surface Temperature (BEST), has now pulled together global temperature data going back to 1800 from 15 sources, including data sets held by the World Meteorological Organization and US and UK government agencies.
   BEST concludes that land temperatures have risen by 1°C since the 1950s. This is largely in line with the three existing global temperature records: GISTEMP, maintained by NASA, the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s GHCN and HadCRU, kept by the UK Met Office. The 1°C of warming reflects warming above land masses only, so it is not yet a truly global estimate.
   In a series of papers that have not yet been estimated but are available on the BEST website, the researchers examine how reliable the temperature data is. Contrary to earlier studies that are often quoted by climate skeptics, the BEST researchers find that including data from weather stations in cities—which are warmer than rural areas—makes little difference to the overall trend. "Urban warming doesn’t unduly (过分地) bias estimates of recent global temperature change," they say.
   Blogger Anthony Watts of Watts Up With That has repeatedly claimed that temperature data is unreliable because weather stations are poorly placed—for instance, next to air-conditioning vents or other heat sources. However, BEST finds no statistically significant difference in the trends seen at well-placed and poorly placed stations.
Which is the contrary finding of the BEST researchers?
选项 A、Cities are warmer than rural areas and cities’ temperatures are more accurate.
B、Earlier studies are not reliable since researchers didn’t have advanced equipment.
C、Including data from weather stations in cities makes little difference to the overall trend.
D、Rural areas make different data in the study because rural areas are warmer than cities.
答案C
解析 由题干中的contrary finding和BEST researchers定位到第四段第二句。该句提到与气候怀疑论者们常用来引证的早期研究相悖的是，伯克利地球表面温度(BEST)项目的研究者们发现数据中包括比农村地区温暖的城市气象站的数据也不会对整体趋势产生太大的影响，C)是对该句的同义转述。
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