首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Audience of Writing Audience is a very important concept for writing. You need to analyze your audience in terms of the follo
Audience of Writing Audience is a very important concept for writing. You need to analyze your audience in terms of the follo
admin
2018-08-19
26
问题
Audience of Writing
Audience is a very important concept for writing. You need to analyze your audience in terms of the following aspects:
I. Your 【T1】______ to your audience 【T1】______
Through writing, you are making social 【T2】______ with 【T2】______
other members of the society.
II. Their 【T3】______ of your subject 【T3】______
This analysis is particularly valuable in 【T4】______ writing. 【T4】______
III. Their 【T5】______ to the subject and your position in the writing 【T5】______
This analysis is extremely important in 【T6】______ writing. 【T6】______
1. To those who agree
—【T7】______ the importance of your position 【T7】______
2. To those who are 【T8】______ 【T8】______
—address their 【T9】______ as directly and fully as possible 【T9】______
3. To those who disagree
—try to 【T10】______ why they disagree 【T10】______
There may be two main reasons for their disagreement:
1. 【T11】______ of information or viewing the information differently 【T11】______
2. personal, political or 【T12】______ reasons 【T12】______
Ways to 【T13】______their disagreement: 【T13】______
1. For the former
—give them relevant information as 【T14】______ as possible 【T14】______
2. For the latter
—show your 【T15】______ of them and address them accordingly 【T15】______
【T7】
Audience of Writing
Good morning. Today we will talk about the audience of writing. Before you write something, you need to have a clear idea of the topic, the audience, and the purpose of your writing. In this lecture, we’ll concentrate on one of these elements, the audience. This is a very important concept for writing. The term audience usually refers to viewers of movies and TV shows and listeners of radio programs. Here we expand it to include readers of written materials or any discussions of writing activities. The importance of a keen awareness of your audience throughout the writing process can not be overemphasized. Audiences can be examined from three different perspectives:
1. Your social relations to your audience:
2. Your audience’s knowledge about your subject:
3. Your audience’s attitudes or viewpoints to the subject and your position in the writing.
Let’s discuss them one by one. Now, first point, analyze your audience in terms of your social relations. Whenever you write, you are interacting with other members of the society. Are you writing to a friend of yours? To a colleague? To the director of your business , firm? To the admission office of an American college? In each situation, you have a different social relationship with your audience and this relationship has a definite impact on the shape of your writing. No one in his or her right mind would write a letter of application to the dean of the graduate school as if the dean was one of his or her buddies.
The second point, analyze your audience in terms of their knowledge of the subject you are writing about. This analysis is valuable particularly in informative and explanatory writing. Suppose you are writing a paper comparing the Mid-autumn Festival and Thanksgiving. How much knowledge would you assume your American readers already have about the Chinese holiday and how much about their own? Obviously, very little about the former and a whole lot about the latter. In such a paper, you need to take care not to bore your readers to death by telling them what they already know while leaving them tantalizingly unsatisfied about what they are so eager to learn. The emphasis here should be to show the striking differences and subtle parallels rather than to give exhaustively detailed information on each holiday.
Now, the third point, analyze your audience in terms of their attitudes or viewpoints to the subject and your position in the writing. This analysis is vitally important in writing persuasive or argumentative essays, which is much more complex and challenging. In a persuasive essay you present reasons and arguments to convince your readers that they should accept a belief or to take a position or a specific action. For persuasive or argumentative writings, you can classify audiences into three groups: those who agree, those who are neutral or undecided, and those who disagree.
When writing to an audience who already sees eye to eye with you about a controversial issue, is there much you need to do? Not much. If you are addressing an audience who already shares your view about developing and maintaining a mature and constructive relationship between China and the United States in the 21st century, all you need to do is restate why such a relationship is in the vital interests of both countries and of the whole world.
When writing to audiences who are neutral or undecided, you have the most to do and can hope to achieve a lot. Say you want to propose that anew financial aid system be established to help those bright students in rural and less prosperous areas of the country. You are concerned that with today’s new tuition policy and practice, those students will be priced out of a chance for the high education they deserve so much. Some people may be undecided because they have some doubts and concerns: Where does the money needed for such an aid come from? What are the specific standards whereby to award scholarships? Are there more fair and efficient alternative solutions? Once you find out why your audiences are undecided, you need to address their doubts and concerns as directly and fully as possible. You have a fairly good chance of winning them over when their questions are answered satisfactorily.
And audiences who disagree are the most difficult to write to. Different people disagree with you for different reasons. Some of them may have already given the issue a thought and have already made a choice: therefore, it is extremely difficult to change their minds. Others who disagree may not have had the time to think it over seriously.
There are two main possible reasons why your audiences may disagree with you: 1. because they don’t have the "facts" or because they look at the same "facts" differently: 2. because they are influenced by their personal opinion, prejudice, and political or religious beliefs. Once you have found why they disagree, you can decide what is the best approach to such audiences. If it is a lack of information, your job is to give them the relevant historical as well as up to date information as accurately as possible. If it is for personal, political and religious reasons, you need to recognize them, understand them, and address them accordingly.
Now, we can see that audience awareness is so crucial to the success of your writing. In actual practice, you may need to analyze your audience in terms of three factors: social relations, knowledge, and viewpoints in order to decide the best approach for your writing. And in the next lecture, we’ll discuss the writing purpose and your role in the writing. Thanks for your attention!
选项
答案
restate
解析
原文将读者分成了三类:同意你观点的、对你的观点保持中立或不做表态的、持反对意见的。对于同意自己观点的读者,原文提到只要重申观点即可。填原文出现的词restate。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/12EK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
DavidCameronhasnoticedthathealthandsafetyregulationsstopschoolstakingchildrenoutonfieldtrips,outdooractivitie
Christmasisthetimetomakethebelovedonesfeelspecial.Ahugandakisswouldprobablybemorethanenoughbutgiftsare
EvelynCokespent20yearsasahomecareaidehelpingtheelderlyandthesick,butshedidnotliveandseefairlaborlaws【M1
CableTVhasexperiencedtremendousgrowthasanadvertisingmediumbecauseithassomeimportantadvantages.Aprimaryoneis
Managementjargoncanalienatestaffandleavebosseslookinguntrustworthyandweak,accordingtoasurveypublishedonMonday
Thereisnolink,whatsoever,betweentheproducersandusersofmanpowerwiththeresultthatinstitutionsoflearning,essent
AnalyzingFictionI.【T1】______【T1】______—Arrangementofeventstoa)【T2】_____【T2】______b)Raisethelevelofgeneralityc)【T3
A、Allyearlong.B、Atthebeginningoftheyear.C、Attheendoftheyear.D、Inthemiddleoftheyear.B
A、In2012.B、In2003.C、In1961.D、In1954.A句(1)中,女士介绍PaulHendrickson时说,在2012年他因为一本关于海明威的书获得了人生中的第二次HeartlandPrize。因此答案为[A]。
A、Middle-classindividuals.B、Millionaires.C、Lowincomeindividuals.D、Billionaires.C句(6)中,女士总结大卫的话说,金钱对低收入人群的影响更大。因此答案为[C]。
随机试题
A.桃红饮加味B.炙甘草汤加味C.独活寄生汤D.蠲痹汤各种痹证迁延不愈,痰瘀痹阻,治疗宜选用
一女性患者,24岁,婚后半年,因停经2个月,腹痛伴阴道流血3天来就诊。妇科检查:宫口见有胚胎样组织物堵塞,子宫2个月妊娠大小,诊断为()
经有关部门批准,不经过招标程序可直接设计发包的有()。
闪燃和阴燃是燃烧的不同形式。下列有关闪燃和阴燃的说法中,正确的是()。
会计是以货币为唯一计量单位,反映和监督一个单位经济活动的一种经济管理工作。()
武术是中华民族的传统体育和优秀文化遗产,分为()。
在历史上,自率部曲百余家,冶铸兵器,渡江作战,收复黄河以南失地的事件是()。
最早创立阿拉伯数字的是:
某单位需要派出扶贫人员。经过宣传号召,众人纷纷报名。经过一番考虑,领导最后将扶贫人选集中在小王和小张两人身上。大家对最终的挑选结果做了如下猜测:(1)小王会被挑选上;(2)如果小王被挑选上,小张就不会被挑选上;(3)只有小王被挑选上,小张
请在【答题】菜单中单击【考生文件夹】按钮,并按照题目要求完成下面的操作。注意:以下的文件必须都保存在考生文件夹下。在考生文件夹下打开文档“Word.docx”,按照要求完成下列操作并以该文件名“Word.docx”保存文档。为文档应
最新回复
(
0
)