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  3. University used to be for a privileged few. In some countries it is now almost a rite of passage. Although that is excellent new

University used to be for a privileged few. In some countries it is now almost a rite of passage. Although that is excellent new

admin2022-04-20  92
问题     University used to be for a privileged few. In some countries it is now almost a rite of passage. Although that is excellent news, few countries have worked out how to pay for it. In some of continental Europe, where the state often foots the bill, the result has usually been under investment. In America, where students themselves pay, many have little choice but to take on huge debts.
    English policymakers thought they had struck the right balance, with a mix of student fees and generous state loans. But, nearly two decades after youngsters were first required to contribute to tuition costs, the system has dwindling support at home. Jeremy Corbyn, Labour’s leader, speaks as though it were designed to keep the poor from spoiling the ivory towers. He has called for an end to the "debt burden" on students, and has claimed that "fewer working-class young people are applying to university. " Labour’s showing at the recent election suggests many young voters agree.
    Mr Corbyn’s argument betrays a disregard for the facts and a poor understanding of student finance. Twenty years ago English students could go to university free, with the state covering the cost. The result was many struggling institutions and strict limits on the numbers of students universities were allowed to take. Annual tuition fees allowed an expansion of higher education, from around 30% of 18-year-olds to more than 40%—and the proportion of youngsters going to university from poor parts of the country has grown from one-in-ten to three-in-ten.
    That is because loans for tuition are combined with gentle repayment terms. Graduates only pay back based on their income above ￡21,000 a year, meaning that their debts never become unmanageable. Outstanding loans are written off after 30 years. Critics argue that tuition fees aggravate inequality between generations (rich oldsters attended university free, after all), but the alternative would be greater inequality within generations—as poorer students were once again frozen out when capacity fell, and relatively wealthy graduates were subsidised from general taxation.
    The real problem with the English system is not fairness, but that fees have not driven up standards. Almost all universities charge the maximum, whatever the course—not because they are a "cartel", but because no university wants to suggest that it offers a cut-price, second-rate degree. Nevertheless, surveys indicate that students have seen little improvement in teaching.
    One answer would be to promote competition by giving students better information. The government has relaxed the rules for new institutions in the hope that they will develop new teaching methods and drive down prices. It could also encourage students to hold universities to account, with devices such as learning contracts specifying what undergraduates should expect, and by helping them switch courses if they are dissatisfied. If students think they are not getting value for money, support for a scheme that is fair and progressive will dwindle. And that could lead to the most regressive step of all: scrapping tuition fees.
Currently, the tuition fees system in the UK has________.
选项 A、incurred criticism from Labour
B、received acclaim from youngsters
C、ended the debt burden on students
D、reduced applications and attendance
答案A
解析 本题是细节题。根据题干中的关键词the tuition fees system定位至第二段。该段第三四句引用工党领袖科尔宾的观点指出英国现行的大学学费支付体制“阻碍贫困学生上大学并加重学生的债务负担”。说明，英国的学费体制“招致工党的批评”，故答案选A。B项 “受到年轻人的欢迎”根据第二段第二句提到的“该体制在国内的支持率逐渐减少”可排除；C项“结束了学生身上的债务负担”不符合文意，故排除；根据第三段第四句提到的“适龄年轻人的人学比例从30％左右上升到40％以上”可知，英国的现行体制实际上促进了高等教育的扩张，故排除D项“减少了大学申请和录取人数”。
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