2. 外语
  3. It’s a brand new world--a world built around brands. Hard-charging, noise-making, culture-shaping brands are everywhere. They’re

It’s a brand new world--a world built around brands. Hard-charging, noise-making, culture-shaping brands are everywhere. They’re

admin2013-06-02  71
问题      It’s a brand new world--a world built around brands. Hard-charging, noise-making, culture-shaping brands are everywhere. They’re on supermarket shelves, of course, but also in business plans for network company startups and in the names of sports complexes. Brands are infiltrating (渗透) people’s everyday lives--by sticking their logos on clothes, in concert programs, on subway station walls, even in elementary school classrooms.
     We live in an age in which CBS newscasters wear Nike jackets on the air, in which Burger King and McDonald’s open kiosks(小亭) in elementary school lunchrooms. But as brands reach (and then overreach) into every aspects of our lives, the companies behind them invite more questions, deeper scrutiny--and an inevitable backlash by consumers.
     "Our intellectual lives and our public spaces are being taken over by marketing--and that has real implications for citizenships" says author and activists Naomi Klien. "It’s important for any healthy culture to have public space--a place where people are treated as citizens instead of as consumers. We’ve completely lost that space."
     Since the mid-1980s, as more and more companies have shifted from being about products to being about ideas. Starbucks isn’t selling coffee; It’s selling community! Those companies have poured more and more resources into marketing campaigns.
     To pay for those campaigns, those same companies figured out ways to cut costs elsewhere, for example, by using contract labor at home and low-wage labor in developing countries. Contract laborers are hired on a temporary, per-assignment basis, and employers have no obligation to provide any benefits (such as health insurance) or long-term job security. This saves companies money but obviously puts workers in vulnerable situations. In the United States, contract labor has given rise to so-called McJobs, which employers and workers alike pretend are temporary--even though these jobs are usually held by adults who are trying to support families.
     The massive expansion of marketing campaigns in the 1980s coincided with the reduction of government spending for schools and for museums. This made those institutions much too willing, even eager, to partner with private companies. But companies took advantage of the needs of those institutions, reaching too far, and overwhelming the civic space with their marketing agendas.  
How can brands infiltrate people’s daily life?
选项 A、By having their logos printed in people’ clothes.
B、By having their brands reaching in primary schools.
C、By finding means to put their products on supermarket shelves.
D、By putting relative information of their products on public places.
答案D
解析 综合题 。首段最后一句提到品牌正在渗透到人们的日常生活中，然后借助破折号后介绍了多种方式：将它们的标志粘贴到衣服上，在音乐会上，在地铁站的墙壁上，甚至在小学教室里。D项“让产品的相关信息出现在公众场所”对原文中提到的众多方式进行了总结，所以为正确答案。
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