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  3. Few people doubt the fundamental importance of mothers in child-rearing, but what do fathers do? Much of what they contribute is

Few people doubt the fundamental importance of mothers in child-rearing, but what do fathers do? Much of what they contribute is

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问题     Few people doubt the fundamental importance of mothers in child-rearing, but what do fathers do? Much of what they contribute is simply the result of being a second adult in the home. Bringing up children is demanding, stressful and exhausting. Two adults can support and make up for each other’s deficiencies and build on each other’s strengths.
    Fathers also bring an array of unique qualities. Some are familiar: protector and role model. Teenage boys without fathers are notoriously prone to trouble. The pathway to adulthood for daughters is somewhat easier, but they must still learn from their fathers, in ways they cannot from their mothers, how to relate to men. They learn from their fathers about heterosexual trust, intimacy and difference. They learn to appreciate their own femininity from the one male who is most special in their lives. Most important, through loving and being loved by their fathers, they learn that they are love-worthy.
    Current research gives much deeper and more surprising insight into the father’s role in child-rearing. One significantly overlooked dimension of fathering is play. From their children’s birth through adolescence, fathers tend to emphasize play more than caretaking. The father’s style of play is likely to be both physically stimulating and exciting. With older children it involves more teamwork, requiring competitive testing of physical and mental skills. It frequently resembles a teaching relationship: come on, let me show you how. Mothers play more at the child’s level. They seem willing to let the child directly play.
    Kids, at least in the early years, seem to prefer to play with daddy. In one study .of 2.5-year-olds who were given a choice, more than two-thirds chose to play with their fathers.
    The way fathers play has effects on everything from the management of emotions to intelligence and academic achievement.It is particularly important in promoting self-control. According to one expert, "children who roughhouse with their fathers quickly learn that biting, kicking and other forms of physical violence are not acceptable." They learn when to "shut it down."
    At play and in other realms, fathers tend to stress competition, challenge, initiative, risktaking and independence.Mothers, as caretakers, stress emotional security and personal safety. On the playground fathers often try to get the children to swing ever higher, while mothers are cautious, worrying about an accident.
    We know, too, that fathers’ involvement seems to be linked to improved verbal and problem solving skills and higher academic achievement. Several studies found that along with paternal strictness, the amount of time fathers spent reading with them was a strong predictor of their daughters’ verbal ability.
    For sons the results have been equally striking. Studies uncovered a strong relationship between fathers’ involvement and the mathematical abilities of their sons. Other studies found a relationship between paternal nurturing and boys’ verbal intelligence.
According to Paragraph 3, one significant difference between the father and mother’s role in child-rearing is ______.
选项 A、the style of play encouraged
B、the amount of time available
C、the strength of emotional ties
D、the emphasis of intellectual development
答案A
解析 此题为细节题。第三段讲，父亲在孩子的教育中所起的重要作用之一是陪孩子玩耍。父亲玩耍的风格很可能是在体力上既刺激又令人兴奋。对于大一点的孩子，有更多的团体协作，需要对体力和智力的竞争性考验。通常这很像是一种数学关系：来，让我告诉你怎么做。而母亲通常是在孩子的水平上玩耍，她们更愿意让孩于来指导如何玩耍。由此可知，父亲和母亲在鼓励孩子玩耍的风格上不同。因此A是正确答案。
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大学英语四级

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