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  3. For decades, biobanking has been held up as an essential research tool. While few doubt the scientific value of having catalogue

For decades, biobanking has been held up as an essential research tool. While few doubt the scientific value of having catalogue

admin2018-03-26  72
问题     For decades, biobanking has been held up as an essential research tool. While few doubt the scientific value of having catalogues of well-characterized tissues, cells, and other samples, these research platforms have also generated a significant amount of legal and moral controversy, especially in the context of consent and the control of research samples.
    Throughout the world, billions of public and private dollars have been invested in biobanks and millions of individuals have been asked to donate biological material and personal information. But, at the same time, there remains deep uncertainty about fundamental legal and moral norms.
    Legal scholars have argued that the most commonly used form of consent—that is, broad or open consent—does not adhere to relevant legal norms, which would seem to require a more comprehensive and specific approach to the consent process. Because the details of future work cannot be known, this approach means providing research participants with far less information than is traditionally disclosed (披露) in the case of specific consent.
    It is true that many studies have consistently found that, for the most part, the public supports biobanking initiatives and trusts the research community. But that support and trust are fragile. There are many social forces, such as the increasing involvement of industry in biobanking initiatives, which could erode public confidence. In addition, there are a number of social trends that may heighten public interest in the control of human biological material. Research ethics controversies can have a profound effect on public perceptions and consent policy.
    An emerging interest in biorights, though not widespread, could also challenge the existing approaches of biobanking. Indeed, areas such as genetics (遗传学) and stem cell research receive a great deal of positive coverage in the popular press, including reference to the economic potential of the work.
    Within the scientific community it has become widely accepted that biobanks are an indispensable research tool, essential for picking out complex gene-environment interactions. There is little doubt that biobanking is here to stay. But we need to recognize that despite decades of academic debate, fundamental legal and moral challenges remain.
As to biobanking, what do people doubt about?
选项 A、The permission and control of samples.
B、The donation of biological material.
C、The scientific value of research samples.
D、The elementary legal and moral standards.
答案D
解析 事实细节题。由定位句可知，几十年来，生物银行作为必不可少的研究工具得以保存；第二段第二句指出人们的质疑：基本的法律和道德规范仍然存在着严重的不确定性，故答案为D)。A)“样本的同意和控制”，第一段第二句提到这些研究平台也引起了大量的法律和道德争议，特别是在获得研究样本的同意以及对研究样本的控制方面，这是人们争议的焦点，故排除；B)“生物材料捐赠”，第二段指出在世界各地，数十亿公共和私人资金已经投资于生物银行，数百万人被要求捐赠生物材料和个人信息，这是发生的事实，不是人们质疑的问题，故排除；C)“研究样本的科学价值”，第一段明确提到很少有人怀疑分类保存具有良好表征的组织、细胞和其他样本的科学价值，本项与原文内容矛盾，故排除。
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