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  3. Shoals of fish are able to move and turn in seamless formation by following simple rules that are like those used by car drivers

Shoals of fish are able to move and turn in seamless formation by following simple rules that are like those used by car drivers

admin2012-05-04  42
问题     Shoals of fish are able to move and turn in seamless formation by following simple rules that are like those used by car drivers, researchers say.
    Some of the most【C1】______sights in nature happen when animals form【C2】______ groups and move together as if【C3】______. Earlier work has shown that fish in large groups make better decisions than【C4】______or small groups.
    Many theories have been【C5】______ about how animals might communicate in order to【C6】______this. But now it appears really simple. The researchers【C7】______groups of two, four or eight mosquito fish in a square arena for five minutes【C8】______studied the movements of individuals in each group. The【C9】______of the swimming fish were fed into software which acts like many pairs of eyes to keep【C10】______ on the direction and speed of each fish in the school and【C11】______it responds to other fish around it.
    As schools of fish rarely suffer from crashes or【C12】______, the rules they use could also【C13】______be applied to robotic systems to solve traffic problems. If a system could be【C14】______ where each car knew where each car was and they could respond to each other and communicate with each other, traffic problems【C15】______ be avoid.
    The researchers used a technique called artificial neural networks to look for【C16】______ in the data. And it turns out the【C17】______ well-organized swimming that fish in shoals【C18】______is actually caused by each fish using very simple rules to respond to its neighbors. These rules include " accelerate towards a neighbor that is far away from you" and " decelerate when a neighbor is【C19】______ in front of you". It is also found that a fish only responds to a single nearest neighbor at any one time. Those【C20】______ to be the rules people use when they are driving.
【C3】
选项 A、arranged
B、enchanted
C、assembled
D、startled
答案A
解析 形容词辨析题。句意同上。由上下文可知，研究者们对动物整齐排列使用了什么样的规则很感兴趣，希望能应用于引导、安排车辆行驶。观察四个选项，arranged“安排好的”可较好地描述动物队列的秩序性，也与下文的研究与应用相符合，故为答案。排列成队必定要先集合，故assembled用于as if“似乎”之后不合适，排除；而enchanted“被迷住的”和startled“受惊吓的”在原文中均没有依据，排除。
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