2. 外语
  3. No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can not be found to any rule.【S1

No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can not be found to any rule.【S1

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问题     No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals
and amateurs in science: exceptions can not be found to any rule.【S1】______
Nevertheless, the word "amateur" does carry connotation that the【S2】______
person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community
and, in particular, may not fully share their values. The growth of【S3】______
specialization in the nineteenth century, with its consequent
requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater
problems for professional participation in science. The trend was【S4】______
naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on
a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in
terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.
    A comparison of British geological publications over the last
century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis of the【S5】______
primacy of research, but also a changing definition of that【S6】______
constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth
century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in
their own right; and, in the twentieth century, local studies have【S7】______
increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they
incorporate, and reflect into the wider geological picture. Amateurs,【S8】______
on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old
way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional
geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been
reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by
national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local
geological journals in the twentieth century. As is a logical【S9】______
consequence of this development, separate journals have now
appeared aiming mainly at either professional or amateur readership.【S10】______
A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional
geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific
societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in
local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.
【S4】
选项
答案professional一amateur
解析 语义错误。联系上下文，该句的意思是“19世纪专业化的发展，导致了对更长、更复杂的训练的要求，这意味着业余人员进入科学界会遇到更大的困难。”所以此处应该用amateur。
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