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  3. 　　Most people identify themselves as an introvert or extrovert without a second thought. An introverted person may wish to spend

　　Most people identify themselves as an introvert or extrovert without a second thought. An introverted person may wish to spend

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问题 　　Most people identify themselves as an introvert or extrovert without a second thought. An introverted person may wish to spend their down time in the quiet solitude of their own company; a more extroverted individual might think this sounds like hell. But seeing introversion and extroversion in a binary way may lead us to make decisions based on the personality type we identify with. For instance, introverts (as labelled by a personality test) felt they would not succeed in, or enjoy, leadership roles. This may dissuade them from putting themselves forward for such positions altogether. By contrast, extroverted people, who present themselves as confident, assured and domineering, are conventionally perceived to be better suited to these high-powered roles.
    Carl Jung, the Swiss psychiatrist, popularised the terms introversion and extroversion. The basic premise is that introverted people seek energy internally, whereas the extroverted source energy from those around them. However, Jung would be horrified by the way in which these terms have been adopted today. Many of us describe ourselves firmly as one or the other, "extrovert" or "introvert" and see these as key parts of our identity. Jung’s definitions weren’t nearly as polarised.
    As a matter of fact, in Jung’s view we needed both to reach outwards and inwards to be " full people". Far from being "who we are", Jung saw introversion and extroversion as types of consciousness, and we can experience these differently in different situations. Either introversion or extroversion may dominate our behaviour, but we can still experience and benefit from the other, which is lurking somewhere deep within us.
    Jung makes reference to what he calls the ‘shadow’ . Though it sounds rather ominous, it is simply a metaphor for the side of our personality which we supposedly suppress because it doesn’t reflect the way we present to the world. A gregarious party animal, for instance, might find that spending some time in alone isn’t as unbearable as they feared—it may be an effective way of recharging.
    Research has shown that those with introverted traits tend to overestimate the negative feelings they will experience from acting in an extroverted way, discouraging them from doing so. The study demonstrated that these concerns were unfounded, and when introverted people explored a different side of their personality, they actually enjoyed acting in an extroverted way just as much as those with an extroverted disposition. This seems to reflect Jung’s theory that we can benefit from engaging with the ’ shadow’ (in this case extroversion). If we increasingly tap into these counterintuitive ways of being, gradually it fills out and stops becoming a "shadow", and becomes part of ourselves.
    Psychotherapist and writer Mark Vernon explains that it isn’t especially helpful to define people by personality types. It has increasingly been found that our personalities are changeable over time, even as adults. Language is an important factor at play here; describing ourselves or others using a noun, such as "introvert" or "extrovert" implies that that is what we are, and with this comes connotations of permanence. An adjective, such as "introverted" or "extroverted" may be more helpful here. We humans are more malleable than we think, and our love of a label may prohibit us from seeing that we can change and grow. Introverted or extroverted? Why not both?
Mark Vernon thinks that ________.
选项 A、introverted people are sensitive to the language people use
B、people can change their personalities with some professional help
C、there is not a clear definition of the terms "introvert" or "extrovert"
D、labeling oneself as having one particular personality is harmful
答案D
解析 观点态度题。根据题干关键词Mark Vernon定位到第五段。马克.弗农认为用性格类型来定义一个人并不好，而且个性会随着时间而改变，给自己贴上“内向者”或“外向者”的标签会限制我们的改变和成长，因此答案选[D]。[A]曲解了文义；[B][C]与原文内容无关。
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