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  3. In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small,

In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small,

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问题     In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music and by psychologists and "human-relation" experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not whole heartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets(木偶)who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.
    The workers and employees are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realties of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.
    Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again- by psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etC. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitors creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.
    Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to the 19th-century "free-enterprise" capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities—those of love and of reason- are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as a means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.
The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that______.
选项 A、they are faced with the fundamental realties of human existence
B、they are deprived of their independence and productivity
C、they are likely to lose their satisfactory jobs
D、they are farther away from genuine life
答案B
解析 工人和职员焦虑的真实原因是他们被剥夺了独立性和生产能力。根据第二段，工人和雇员都在焦虑，不仅仅因为他们可能会失业，他们焦虑还因为他们无法得到满足感和对生活的兴趣。作为情感和才智方面具有独立性的、有生产能力的人，他们终生无法面对人类生存的基本现实。
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