首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Scientists have long argued over the relative contributions of practice and native talent to the development of elite performanc
Scientists have long argued over the relative contributions of practice and native talent to the development of elite performanc
admin
2017-01-12
38
问题
Scientists have long argued over the relative contributions of practice and native talent to the development of elite performance. This debate swings back and forth every century, it seems, but a paper in the current issue of the journal Psychological Science illustrates where the discussion now stands and hints—more tantalizingly, for people who just want to do their best—at where the research will go next.
The value-of-practice debate has reached a stalemate. In a landmark 1993 study of musicians, a research team led by K. Anders Ericsson found that practice time explained almost all the difference (about 80 percent) between elite performers and committed amateurs. The finding rippled quickly through the popular culture, perhaps most visibly as the apparent inspiration for the "10,000-hour rule" in Malcolm Gladwell’s best-selling "Outliers" —a rough average of the amount of practice time required for expert performance.
The new paper, the most comprehensive review of relevant research to date, comes to a different conclusion. Compiling results from 88 studies across a wide range of skills, it estimates that practice time explains about 20 percent to 25 percent of the difference in performance in music, sports and games like chess. In academics, the number is much lower—4 percent—in part because it’s hard to assess the effect of previous knowledge, the authors wrote.
One of those people, Dr. Ericsson, had by last week already written his critique of the new review. He points out that the paper uses a definition of practice that includes a variety of related activities, including playing music or sports for fun or playing in a group. But his own studies focused on what he calls deliberate practice: one-on-one lessons in which an instructor pushes a student continually, gives immediate feedback and focuses on weak spots. "If you throw all these kinds of practice into one big soup, of course you are going to reduce the effect of deliberate practice," he said in a telephone interview.
Zach Hambrick, a co-author of the paper of the journal Psychological Science, said that using Dr. Ericsson’ s definition of practice would not change the results much, if at all, and partisans on both sides have staked out positions. Like most branches of the nature-nurture debate, this one has produced multiple camps, whose estimates of the effects of practice vary by as much as 50 percentage points.
What is the author’ s attitude towards the practice-nature debate?
选项
A、Disinterested.
B、Objective.
C、Critical.
D、Unconcerned.
答案
B
解析
态度题。本题问作者对关于天赋和练习争论的态度。文章第一段引出话题,第二段介绍了认为练习更重要的研究者的观点;第三段介绍了新论文与以往截然不同的结论。第四段阐述了认为练习更重要的学者对新论文观点的评价。最后一段介绍了两个阵营研究结果差异之大。由此看出,作者对此争论的态度是客观的,故B项“客观的”为正确答案。A项“不感兴趣的”、C项“批评的”和D项“不关心的”,均不符合题意,故排除。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/56EZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Superiorcustomerservicecanbeanessentialsourceofstrengthascompaniesemergefromtherecession,butmanagersneedtoun
Moreandmorepeoplechoosetotravelabroadintheirvacations.Manypeoplebelievethattravelingabroadbenefitthemalot.I
TheU.S.systemofhighereducationiswidelyconsideredtheworld’sbest.Acollegeeducation【C1】______substantialbenefits—abo
TheU.S.systemofhighereducationiswidelyconsideredtheworld’sbest.Acollegeeducation【C1】______substantialbenefits—abo
AstudyofhowolderteenagersusesocialmediahasfoundthatFacebookis"notjustontheslide,itisbasicallydeadandburi
Ascollegeseniorshurtleintothejobhunt,littleliesontheresume—forexample,claimingadegreewhenthey’rethreecredits
科学技术影响人类的未来生活——2001年英译汉及详解Inlessthan30years’timetheStarTrekholodeckwillbeareality.Directlinksbetweenthebrain
Datahasahabitofspreading.ItslipspastmilitarysecurityanditcanalsoleakfromWikiLeaks.Itevenslippedpasttheban
ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedp
随机试题
机体柔嫩,生理调节和适应能力不成熟,平均每天睡眠长达20h;易发生窒息、溶血、感染等,死亡率高是()的特点。
A.头晕胀痛B.手足蠕动C.目涩D.胸闷喜太息E.咽喉肿痛(1996年第79,80题)肝火上炎,可出现()
咽淋巴内环中最大的淋巴组织是
A.恶心呕吐B.发热C.腹痛D.脂肪泻E.黄疸
患者,女,20岁。昨日过食冰水后,出现呃逆,声音沉缓有力,膈间及胃脘不舒,喜热饮,纳食减少,舌苔白润,脉象迟缓。治疗方剂宜用
我国新型工程建设管理体制加强了政府的宏观管理,符合政府职能由微观经济管理转变到( )宏观管理上来的要求。
下列说法正确的有()。
阅读下面的材料,按要求作文。20世纪30年代,梅兰芳先生初到上海,虽然他唱功绝佳,誉满京华,但要想在大上海一下子出名也很难。当时戏班子想在报纸上登广告,但广告怎么写,才能引起人们的注意呢?经过一番筹划,戏班子决定在报纸上只印三个字——梅兰芳。当时上海
使用UTP双绞线和RJ45接头连接的以太网络结构属于()。
某次网球比赛的四强对阵为甲对乙、丙对丁,两场比赛的胜者将争夺冠军.选手之间相互获胜的概率如下:甲获得冠军的概率为().
最新回复
(
0
)