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  3. Passage Three (1) You do not need to play in a band to be part of the burgeoning "gig economy". Nearly everyone has ski

Passage Three (1) You do not need to play in a band to be part of the burgeoning "gig economy". Nearly everyone has ski

admin2022-09-07  90
问题     Passage Three
    (1) You do not need to play in a band to be part of the burgeoning "gig economy".  Nearly everyone has
    skills or assets they can exploit in their spare time to boost their income—or save money by using one of a new wave of technology-driven services.
    (2)  The market for everything from renting out a spare room or parking space for cash to selling hobby crafts or skills over the internet is expanding rapidly. Now worth ￡500 million a year, it is expected to grow to ￡9 billion by 2025.  Here is how you can participate.
    PROFIT FROM PROPERTY
    (3)  If you have a spare room in your home, a drive that sits empty or even a garden shed with space not crammed with debris, then there are opportunities to make these dead spaces earn money by finding people who need a room or storage.
    (4)  You can find lodgers through an online marketplace such as gumtree or other online services such as Weroom, mondaytofriday, SpareRoom and EasyRoommate. For those who do not fancy a full-time lodger, then there is the holidaymaker market—with Airbnb and Wimdu among the main options for renting out a room part-time.
    (5)   Homes can also be rented out for film and photography shoots, earning owners between ￡700 and ￡3 000 a day. Location agencies include Shootfactory, Lavish Locations and Amazing Space. Growing demand for space from companies wanting to organise meetings or bonding sessions with fellow workers, who perhaps normally work from home, is another potential gig.
    (6)  A property can prove a valuable asset when offsetting the cost of a holiday. By swapping with other homeowners you can get a free holiday almost anywhere in the world—or earn rental for a home while away. Among the best known of the home-swapping websites are Home Base Holidays, HomeLink, homeforexchange, HomeExchange and Love Home Swap.
    (7)  To rent out your home instead of swapping, consider onefinestay, which does all the hard graft—from preparing your property to rent with toiletries and bed linen, to cleaning once the guests have gone.
    (8)  It is possible to make even the smallest spaces earn their keep by renting out a loft, cupboard, cellar or garden shed to someone needing to store items.
    (9)  Garages and driveways can also be great money-spinners if rented out to drivers wanting an affordable and convenient place to park. According to parking website JustPark, it is possible to earn ￡800 a year on average for a driveway, although in-demand spots near railway stations or music and sports venues can generate ￡3 000 a year.
    CASH IN ON CARS
    (10)  The average cost of driving a car in London works out at ￡20 an hour, according to car sharing network Zipcar. Its sums take into account the fact a car tends to sit on a drive (or road) for 96 per cent of its lifetime and includes unavoidable bills such as road tax, maintenance, depreciation and insurance.
    (11)  Drivers only actually use their vehicles for 182 hours a year. By giving up car ownership altogether and joining a service such as Zipcar, you can pay as you go, paying ￡5 to ￡10 an hour (plus a membership fee of ￡6 a month or ￡59. 50 a year).  You have to be disciplined though, as bringing a motor back late incurs a ￡35 fee.
    (12)  If you prefer to be an owner but want to cut costs, think about hiring out your car to a service such as RideLink. Similar in concept to Zipcar, its fleet is made up of vehicles belonging to thousands of car owners. The difference is that owners set their own prices and renters can often find better value deals than from mainstream hire firms. Car sharing is another boom area where drivers cut journey costs by offering passengers lifts in return for a payment towards fuel costs.
    (13)  Because drivers do not make a profit on such arrangements, it should not impact on motor cover—but check with your insurer first.  Mat Gazely knows a thing or two about the gig economy, working for Zopa, one of the biggest players in the peer-to-peer lending market.  Such lending allows individuals with spare cash to lend it directly to other people at rates far more attractive than they would receive by depositing cash in a bank or building society savings account. TIME IS MONEY
    (14)  Those who have some free time can use their bike to generate extra income. In London, for example, restaurant delivery service Deliveroo employs scores of cyclists and scooter owners to pick up orders from outlets that do not offer their own takeaway service. The pay is ￡6 an hour plus ￡ 1 per delivery. New arrival, London-based Pedals, also recruits cyclists for delivery jobs posted online that they can pick to fit in with their normal journeys.
    (15)  An alternative is community delivery service Nimber. It connects people wanting items delivered with so-called "bringers"—those who can carry a package while on the move. This means you can earn cash, negotiated online with the sender, by delivering, for example, on a daily commute to work.
    (16)  Over-18s with a mobile phone and handyman skills can consider TaskRabbit, a peer-to-peer website that puts odd-jobbers in touch with those who need tasks done. Once a request for a task is posted, hourly rates are listed for the "taskers" considered most qualified for your job and the buyer chooses.
    (17)  For those with professional skills, such as web design, legal or marketing nous, there is People Per Hour. The website advertises a variety of freelance roles—with job-seekers negotiating directly with the buyer. Those who have an artistic bent and enjoy making things can expand beyond craft fairs by using Etsy, an online marketplace for all things handmade.
    (18)  The instant gratification provided by the gig sector is allowing thousands of participants to convert time into money—but it can be tricky for those whose gig experience takes off to know their responsibilities in terms of financial management, insurance and tax.
    (19)  One key area to watch when joining the gig economy is insurance, especially when renting out areas of your home and property. Brian Brown, at insurance analyst Defaqto, says: "It is likely many kinds of claim will not be paid if an insurer didn’t know about a change in circumstance. "
    (20)  " For instance, if you allow someone to use your drive your insurer might exclude certain things, such as damage to fencing or from the leaking of fuel from their vehicle on to your drive. " He also says renting out rooms through Airbnb will most likely mean that any theft or accidental damage claim will be excluded.
    (21)  Humphrey Bowles, of Belong Safe—a provider of insurance with its eyes set on the gig sector—says: "The solutions so far sit with a homesharing website’s ’guarantees’. Many hosts may believe they have insurance when they sign up because of the guarantees mentioned and use of phrases such as ’ peace of mind’. But in the terms and conditions for Airbnb, for example, it includes wording such as ’ Airbnb strongly encourages you to purchase separate insurance that will cover you and your property for losses caused by guests’ and ’the entire risk...remains with you’. "
    (22)  Belong Safe, Bowles believes, can alleviate such concerns, allowing hosts to buy cover by the day, when a guest is staying, and covers all risks. Underwritten by insurer Hiscox, it costs from 78 pence a day outside London and up to ￡4 a day in London.  One drawback is that the excess is a hefty ￡1,000.
    (23)  Mortgage lenders may also get a bit twitchy with homeowners if they find out they have been letting a room without telling them. In theory, they can call in the loan. David Hollingworth, mortgage broker at London and Country in Bath, says: " With lodgers, a lender will want to receive a ’ consent’ , so the lodger understands they have no rights if the property is repossessed. "
    (24)  With short-term lets such as Airbnb, it is more of a grey area. He says: "This is something most lenders haven’t caught up with yet.  Homeowners will find some will be more amenable than others. "
What is the role of the 18th paragraph in the development of the passage?
选项 A、Summarizing the content above.
B、Leading to further discussion.
C、Introducing a new topic.
D、Indicating a change of tone.
答案B
解析 结构题。本题考查第十八段在整篇文章中的作用，需结合全文来考虑。该段首先提到，零工经济使得参与者能够将空闲时间转化为额外收入，但随即提到，对于那些参与零工经济经验不足的人而言，他们应当意识到自己在金融、保险和税务方面所担的责任。接着，第十九段开始介绍零工经济的参与者在保险、纳税等方面存在的风险。由此可以看出，第十八段在文中是承上启下的过渡段，故[B]为正确答案。[A]是迷惑项，第十八段确实对前文进行了一定的总结，但从原文的转折处可以看出，作者最主要的用意是引出后面一部分对于零工经济风险的介绍，因此排除[A]；[C]意为“引出新话题”，文章第十九段开始讨论的内容并没有脱离全文的话题“零工经济”，只不过讨论了零工经济的另一个方面，因此排除；[D]意为“表明全文基调的转变”，尽管第十八段出现了but这个转折词，但它只是语义上的转折，并没有引起文章基调风格的转变，故排除。
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