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  3. Are you planning a vacation? If you like hot and extremely dry summers, go to Phoenix, Arizona. For hot temperatures but lots of

Are you planning a vacation? If you like hot and extremely dry summers, go to Phoenix, Arizona. For hot temperatures but lots of

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问题     Are you planning a vacation? If you like hot and extremely dry summers, go to Phoenix, Arizona. For hot temperatures but lots of rain and thunderstorms, try Miami, Florida. If you want average temperatures and rainfall, St. Louis, Missouri, is the spot. Or if you’ re a cold weather fan, head to Fairbanks, Alaska. Its winters are very cold with little precipitation. Each of these cities has a certain type of weather. The average weather for a place over many years is called climate, and in no two places in the world is it exactly the same. How can this be?
    Many things in nature, such as sunshine, temperature, and precipitation, affect climate. Nearness to mountain, oceans, and large lakes affects it too. Another factor is altitude, or height above sea level. Air cools as altitude increases. So a city at a higher altitude may be colder than one at a lower altitude. Finally, winds affect climate. They move heat and moisture between the oceans and continents. Winds keep the tropics from overheating. They keep the polar regions from getting overly cold.
    Climate changes over long periods of time. Some scientists think, for example, that the earth’ s climate changed at the time of the dinosaurs. They think the dinosaurs died because of the change. What causes a climate to change? One possible cause may be changes in the sun. Sunspots, for example, are cool, dark spots that form on the sun. Sunspots may decrease precipitation on the earth and cause unusually dry periods. Changes in the atmosphere may change climate too. Volcanic eruptions, for instance, release solid particles into the air. These particles may form a cloud that blocks out the sun’ s heat. Human activity is another cause of climate change. Air pollution and the reduction of forest cover may have long-term effects on climate.
The effect of a volcanic eruption on climate may be to make it______.
选项 A、wetter
B、dryer
C、warmer
D、colder
答案D
解析 第三段倒数第三、四句说火山爆发会向空气中释放固体分子，这些分子会形成一团挡住太阳的热量，以降低气温。
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