A、People tend to choose the latest brand of cars. B、The auto industry is undergoing intense competition. C、More and more buyers

Major world automakers have already invested heavily in electric vehicles and related technology—and they are committed to keep doing so.
    Some have even promised to stop producing vehicles that run only on gas or diesel fuel in the future. The changes to the auto industry demonstrate the growing number of buyers willing to spend more money on environmentally friendly cars.
    But one of the main issues with the technology is that drivers need to charge the batteries often to be able to travel longer distances. The batteries themselves can also greatly increase the price of the vehicles. They can also be very costly to replace. Now, a new technology is being developed and tested in Sweden to help resolve these issues.
    Engineers there have created what is thought to be the world’s first operating electrified road. A Swedish company, Elways , invented the technology.
    The project, involving several companies, is called eRoadArlanda. A large, specially built electric truck transports goods along a two-kilometer-long stretch of road from Stockholm’s Arlanda airport. The truck’s battery is charged from the electrified road as it travels. CEO Hans Saell has led the project since 2013.
    He explains that the technology works in a simple way. A 15-centimeter-wide electrical rail is built into the road. The vehicle contains equipment that automatically senses the electrified road.
    An arm then lowers from the vehicle to make contact with the rail. Saell says the system is designed to make continuous charging on the road effortless for the driver. He says the system can be built into existing roads to reduce costs. He estimates that putting in a highly developed version of eRoadArlanda’s technology would cost about 1 million dollars per kilometer.
    That amount sounds like a big number and could add up fast over thousands of kilometers. But Saell says the cost is still a lot less when compared to other transportation infrastructure projects. He added that the vehicle equipment also costs much less than systems that would require electrical equipment above ground, such as railways or street cars.
    Project leaders say the electrified road has been tested in all kinds of weather and even proved effective in snow and ice. Saell says the powered road is also safe because the electricity is below the surface and well covered.
    The road is also not electrified all the time. The electricity turns on in 50-meter stretches only when an equipped vehicle is travelling on the road. Saell says the eRoadArlanda system still needs a lot of development before it will be ready for wide industrial use. But he estimates this could happen in just 5 to 10 years.
    Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.
    19. What do the changes to the auto industry show?
    20. What is a major issue with the electric vehicles?
    21. What does Hans Seall say about eRoadArlanda system?
    22. What can we learn about eRoadArlanda system?