2. 考研
  3. Do you believe that severe punishment would deter potential criminals from evildoing? Is death penalty (死刑) indispensable compon

Do you believe that severe punishment would deter potential criminals from evildoing? Is death penalty (死刑) indispensable compon

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问题       Do you believe that severe punishment would deter potential criminals from evildoing? Is death penalty (死刑) indispensable component of the criminal law? Do you believe the arch criminals deserve another chance to turn over a new leaf? Should capital punishment be abolished (废除的) ?
      In the USA, 85% of the population over the age of 21 approve of the death penalty. Many U.S. states still have the death penalty. Some use the electric chair, which can take up to 20 minutes to kill, while others use gas or lethal injection. The first execution was the case of Ruth Ellis who was hanged for shooting her lover in what was generally regarded as a crime of passion. The second, a man was hanged for murders which, it was later proved, had been committed by someone else.
      The death penalty advocates listed several points to support capital punishment. First there is the deterrence theory, which argues that potential murders would think twice before committing the act if they knew that they might die if they were caught. The armed bank robber might, likewise, go back to being unarmed.
      The other argument is more suspectful. The idea of retribution demands that criminals should get what they deserve: if a murderer intentionally sets out to commit a crime, he should accept the consequences. Retribution, which is just another word for revenge, is supported by the delicious doctrine of an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.
     The arguments against the death penalty are largely humanitarian. But there are also statistical reasons for opposing it: in Britain, 1903 was the record year for executions and yet in 1904, the number of murders actually rose. There was a similar occurrence in 1946 and 1947. If the deterrence theory were correct, the rate would have fallen.
     The other reasons to oppose the death penalty are largely a matter of individual conscience and belief. One is that murder is murder and that the state has no more right to take a life than the individual. The other is that Christianity advises forgiveness, not revenge.
Which of the following statements is among those against death penalty?
选项 A、Neither the state nor the individual has the right to take a life.
B、The state has the right to take a life but the individual does not.
C、Both the state and the individual have the right to kill.
D、Religious doctrine preaches revenge rather than forgiveness.
答案A
解析 B、C两选项皆主张“国家有权杀人”；D项意为“宗教教义宣扬报复(revenge)而非宽恕(forgiveness)”，言外之意是“罪不可赦”，显然这些观点是与死刑废除者的思想相违背的。只有A选项代表了死刑反对者的立场：“谋杀就是谋杀，国家并不比个人更有杀戮的权利……”，国家执行的死刑同样也是在杀人。
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