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  3. The Marist poll found that while 65% of people who made a resolution in the New Year kept their promise for at least part of the

The Marist poll found that while 65% of people who made a resolution in the New Year kept their promise for at least part of the

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问题     The Marist poll found that while 65% of people who made a resolution in the New Year kept their promise for at least part of the year, 35% never even made it out of the gate. Indeed, when you wake up on the first day of a new year—or decade—resolutions to "cut back" and "moderate" seem both an excellent idea and an impossibly vague dream. But consider this: if hard-core addicts can break bad habits, there’s still hope for you. There’s a lot you can learn from people who have successfully moderated their habits to help keep you off the resolution merry-go-round.
    "The most important thing is to be honest with yourself," says Howard Josepher, a former heroin addict and president of Exponents Inc. "You need to know the difference between enjoying yourself and self-deceiving. It’s not that self-deceiving is necessarily bad—but you should give yourself parameters. If you are adhering to them, OK. If not, you need to check yourself." Successful controllers decide in advance how much is "too much"—and stick to their limit, no matter what. Have a cookie a day, if that’s what you’ve deemed acceptable. But if you "cheat" by having "just one more," know that you are only cheating yourself and aggravating the problem, he says. The point is to learn how to hold yourself accountable.
    "Theoretically, there are very good reasons to take a break from a behavior, totally," says Reid Hester, director of research at Behavior Therapy Associates, explaining that an initial period of complete prohibition can make it easier for people to moderate behavior, by eliminating the habitual, automatic aspect of the unwanted activity. Take a cue from the self-help group Moderation Management, which advises problem drinkers to give up completely for a month before attempting moderate drinking. The best way to stay on course is frequent self-monitoring; use as many behavior-modification tools, support groups and programs as you can.
    "Between stimulus and response, there’s a space, and in that space is our power to choose our response, and in our response lies our growth and freedom," says Alan Marlatt, director of the Addictive Behaviors Research Center at the University of Washington, quoting author and Holocaust survivor Victor Frankl. Marlatt says, "Mindfulness gets you into that space." Being mindful may involve traditional meditation, in which you sit quietly and observe your thoughts and breathing without judgment. But here, it is also used to focus awareness on thoughts and feelings that lead to unwanted behavior. Simply recognizing the triggers to return can help you choose not to give into them.
    Research shows that in the long term, the pleasure of victory is a better incentive than the pain of defeat. "Punishment is a poor motivator," says Hester. "It sets people up for failure. If all you do is punish yourself for failure, you won’t stay motivated to change for very long." Instead, reward yourself for sticking to your limits and focus on the benefits of changing.
    Consciously and unconsciously, people tend to imitate those around them. That’s why the latest research shows that things like happiness, quitting smoking and obesity can spread like a contagious disease through social networks. So, surround yourself with friends who can also be role models. "Make sure that people you hang out with are people who look and act the way you would like to. Social imitation is the easiest form not only of flattery but of self-improvement," says Stanton Peele, author of Seven Tools to Beat Addiction.
   
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答案G
解析 Reid Hester在文中出现了两次，其中第五段第二句引用Hester的话“惩罚是糟糕的激励机制”说明该段的观点“从长远来看，胜利的愉悦比失败的痛苦更有激励作用”，G项所述与此对应，故为答案。
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