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Millions of school-leavers in the rich world are about to bid a tearful goodbye to their parents and start a new life at univers

admin2017-01-21  51
问题     Millions of school-leavers in the rich world are about to bid a tearful goodbye to their parents and start a new life at university. Some are inspired by a pure love of learning. But most also believe that spending three or four years at university—although accumulating huge debts in the process—will boost their chances of landing a well-paid and secure job.
    Their elders have always told them that education is the best way to equip themselves to thrive in a globalized world. Blue-collar workers will see their jobs offshored and automated, the familiar argument goes. School dropouts will have to cope with a life of cash-strapped insecurity. But the graduate elite will have the world at its feet. There is some evidence to support this view. A recent study from Georgetown University’s Centre on Education and the Workforce argues that "obtaining a post-secondary credential(证书)is almost always worth it. " Educational qualifications are tightly correlated with earnings: an American with a professional degree can expect to pocket $ 3.6 million over a lifetime: one with merely a high-school diploma can expect only $1.3 million. The gap between more- and less-educated earners may be widening. A study in 2002 found that someone with a bachelor’s degree could expect to earn 75% more over a lifetime than someone with only a high-school diploma. Today the premium is even higher.
    But is the past a reliable guide to the future? Or are we at the beginning of a new stage in the relationship between jobs and education? There are good reasons for thinking that old patterns are about to change—and that the current recession-driven downturn in the demand for Western graduates will evolve into something structural. The gale(一阵)of creative destruction that has shaken so many blue-collar workers over the past few decades is beginning to shake the cognitive(认知的)elite as well.
    The supply of university graduates is increasing rapidly. The Chronicle of Higher Education calculates that between 1990 and 2007 the number of students going to university increased by 22% in North America, 74% in Europe, 144% in Latin America and 203% in Asia. In 2007, 150 million people attended university around the world, including 70 million in Asia. Emerging economies are pouring resources into building universities that can compete with the elite of America and Europe. They are also producing professional-services firms such as Tata Consulting Services and Infosys that take fresh graduates and turn them into world-class computer programmers and consultants. The best and the brightest of the rich world must increasingly compete with the best and the brightest from poorer countries that are willing to work harder for less money.
Which kind of structural change will happen to the old patterns?
选项 A、The creative destruction is sweeping the cognitive elite now.
B、We are in a new stage in the relationship between jobs and education.
C、The demand for Western graduates is reduced due to current recession.
D、So many blue-collar workers are going through the creative destruction.
答案A
解析 事实细节题。本题考查旧模式将会发生怎样的结构变化。定位句指出，我们有充分的理由相信旧模式即将改变：现今经济不景气导致的对西方毕业生需求的减少将会逐渐发展为结构之变。过去数十年来，创造性毁灭之潮使得众多蓝领为之烦恼，如今，它也开始席卷认知精英界。A)“创造性毁灭之潮开始席卷认知精英界”即指旧模式所发生的结构之变，符合原文，故为本题答案。B)“我们处于职业与学历关系的新阶段”不符合原文，故排除；C)“当前经济不景气导致了对西方毕业生需求的减少”并非结构上的变化，故排除；D)“很多蓝领工人正经历创造性毁灭之潮”不符合原文，故排除。
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