2. 考研
  3. A ) Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece; the pyramids of G

A ) Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece; the pyramids of G

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问题 A ) Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece; the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.
B ) In another case, American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.
C) How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.
D ) Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural village and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copan collapsed.
E) To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.
F ) Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the King for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knossos) on the island of Crete, in 1900.
G ) Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amounts of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two- and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.
Order:
【B11】→A→【B12】→E→【B13】→【B14】→【B15】
【B13】
选项
答案G
解析 本填空之前的段落已经给定为E)。此前我们通过对各个待选段落的总体排序已经知道了段落D)一定出现在段落B)之前并且两个段落紧紧衔接在一起，且它们无法填入空1和空2，此外，还剩余一个待选段落就是选项G。等于我们只要判定清楚段落G)与段落D)，B)之间的前后顺序关系，三个填空的答案就能一起解决。段落E)的首句明显足段落的总述句，概述了段落的主题——考古学家利用systematic survey methods和high-technology tools and techniques来寻找发掘地。段落E)的第二、三句还分别出现了Airborne technologies和Aerial surveys，这就是段落首句中总结的systematic survey methods和high-technology tools and techniques的具体体现。段落G)的首句直接提及了Ground surveys，这个Ground surveys与段落E)最后一句的Aerial surveys是明显的衔接呼应，两者应该同属于段落E)总述句中概括的systematic survey methods和high-technology tools and techniques。我们再比对段落D)、B)与段落G)的前后顺序关系段落D)的首句直接提出了Surveys的作用，并且这里的Surveys用的是复数形式，那就表明不止一种survey。此前的段落E)的结构是：段落开头：To find their sites，archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a    variety of high-technology tools and techniques段落结尾：Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features，such as ancient    buildings or fields．段落G)的开头讲述的是Ground surveys；而段落D)开头讲述的是Surveys；从上下文的相近性和衔接性考虑，既然段落E)的结尾提及了Aerial surveys，最自然的下文衔接应该是谈论Ground surveys，然后再出现段落D)讲述的Surveys，即段落D)的Surveys是此前的Aerial surveys和Ground surveys的总称。因此确定3题的答案是G)。4和5题的答案也迎刃而解，为D)和B)。
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