FIELD TRIP PLAN; WEATHER: everyone needs warm clothing and a【L6】________ACTIVITIES hiking — first aid kit, map and a【L7】____

T: OK, so let’s consider the hazards seen as most likely on a field trip into the countryside. Weather causes real problems — overexposure to the sun or the cold — even the wind can have a big impact. And, of course, the weather can change very suddenly and without warning.
S: Yes, people can get into trouble in the hills if they don’t bring extra layers of clothes and a jacket — even if they start walking on a hot day. Oh... and a raincoat, too, of course. Umm... what’s next then?
T: Well, let’s think about possible activities and what you might need.
S: Yes, OK... Well, for hiking, of course, we need a first aid kit. Oh... and a decent topographic map of the area. And we need to make sure that more than one person can read it. I’ve run into lots of difficulties in the past with people who can’t identify even major features, like rivers. And some people have no idea about contour lines. Ah ... and I suppose a compass, too.
T: You’d need to list those. Then there are things that may be obvious, but must be written down and considered seriously. For example, if there’s a possibility of falling more than 2.5 meters, that’s considered life-threatening, and I’m sure you would be aware of problems near the sea, like tides or high waves — and the trouble you can get into where there’s a possibility of an avalanche or a mudslide... or a flash flood, if you’re anywhere near rivers.
S: Yes, well, I was thinking of an adventurous route for this trip... you know, that’s always more fun, and it’s such a cool feeling when you’ve achieved something really difficult.
T: Yes, OK, but then you need to consider who’s going to be in your party... don’t go and plan things that are beyond the reach of most people, or you’re asking for trouble. You need to take into account the physical strength and experience of the party as a whole. When you make your groups, make sure there’s at least one person in each one who’s been hiking a few times before.
S: Wow, there’s a lot to write down, isn’t there? I’m really keen to get started now.
T: Well, good, because there’s a lot more detail to consider. For now, I’ll just mention two more of the common hazards for high school trips, in particular.
S: Yes?
T: The Ministry of Education website says — don’t use inexperienced volunteers, and don’t allow student drivers to bring their own cars, or to drive anyone else’s car, for that matter.
S: Well... now I really have something to think about! Thanks, Mr Thompson.