首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Are Bad Economic Times Good for Health? A)Most people are worried about the health of the economy. But does the economy also aff
Are Bad Economic Times Good for Health? A)Most people are worried about the health of the economy. But does the economy also aff
admin
2016-04-26
65
问题
Are Bad Economic Times Good for Health?
A)Most people are worried about the health of the economy. But does the economy also affect your health? It does, but not always in ways you might expect. The data on how an economic downturn influences an individual’s health are surprisingly mixed. It’s clear that long-term economic gains lead to improvements in a population’s overall health, in developing and industrialized societies alike.
B)But whether the current economic downturn will take a toll on your own health depends, in part, on your health habits when times are good. And economic studies suggest that people tend not to take care of themselves in boom times—drinking too much(especially before driving), dining on fat-filled restaurant meals and skipping exercise and doctors’ appointments because of work-related time commitments.
C)"The value of time is higher during good economic times," said Grant Miller, an assistant professor of medicine at Stanford. "So people work more and do less of the things that are good for them, like cooking at home and exercising; and people experience more stress due to the severity of hard work during booms."
D)Similar patterns have been seen in some developing nations. Dr. Miller, who is studying the effects of fluctuating coffee prices on health in Colombia, says that even though falling prices are bad for the economy, they appear to improve health and decrease death rates. When prices are low, laborers have more time to care for their children. "When coffee prices suddenly rise, people work harder on their coffee plots and spend less time doing things around the home, including things that are good for their children," he said. "Because the things that matter most for infant and child health in rural Colombia aren’t expensive, but require a substantial amount of time—such as breast-feeding, bringing clean water from far away, taking your child to a distant health clinic for free vaccinations(接种疫苗)—infant and child death rates rise."
E)In this country, a similar effect appeared in the Dust Bowl during the Great Depression, according to a 2007 paper by Dr. Miller and colleagues in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The data seem to contradict research in the 1970s suggesting that in hard times there are more deaths from heart disease, cirrhosis(肝硬化), suicide and murder, as well as more admissions to mental hospitals. But those findings have not been repeated, and several economists have pointed out flaws in the research.
F)In May 2000, the Quarterly Journal, of Economics published a surprising paper called "Are Recessions Good for Your Health?" by Christopher J. Ruhm, professor of economics at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro, based on an analysis measuring death rates and health behavior against economic shifts and jobless rates from 1972 to 1991. Dr. Ruhm found that death rates declined sharply in the 1974 and 1982 recessions, and increased in the economic recovery of the 1980s. An increase of one percentage point in state unemployment rates correlated with a 0.5 percentage point decline in the death rate—or about 5 fewer deaths per 100,000 people. Over all, the death rate fell by more than 8 percent in the 20-year period of mostly economic decline, led by drops in heart disease and car crashes.
G)The economic downturn did appear to take a toll on factors having less to do with prevention and more to do with mental well-being and access to health care. For instance, cancer deaths rose 23 percent, and deaths from flu and pneumonia increased slightly. Suicides rose 2 percent, homicides 12 percent.
H)The issue that may matter most in an economic crisis is not related to jobs or income, but whether the slump widens the gap between rich and poor, and whether there is an adequate health safety net available to those who have lost their jobs and insurance. During a decade of economic recession in Japan that began in the 1990s, people who were unemployed were twice as likely to be in poor health as those with secure jobs. During Peru’s severe economic crisis in the 1980s, infant deaths jumped 2.5 percentage points—about 17,000 more children who died as public health spending and social programs collapsed.
I)In August, researchers from the Free University of Amsterdam looked at health studies of twins in Denmark. They found that individuals born in a recession were at higher risk for heart problems later in life and lived, on average, 15 months less than those born under better conditions. Gerard J. van den Berg, an economics professor who was a co-author of the study, said babies in poor households suffered the most in a recession, because their families lacked access to good health care. Poor economic conditions can also cause stress that may interfere with parent bonding and childhood development, he said. He noted that other studies had found that recessions can benefit babies by giving their parents more time at home.
J)"This scenario(情况)may be relevant for well-to-do families where one of the parents loses a job and the other still brings in enough money," he said. "But in a crisis where the family may have to face huge housing-cost losses and the household income is insufficient for adequate nutrition and health care, the disadvantageous effects of being born in a recession seem much more relevant."
K)In the USA, there are already signs of the economy’s effect on health. In May, the market research firm Information Resources reported that 53 percent of consumers said they were cooking more than they did just six months before—in part, no doubt, because of the rising cost of prepared foods. At the same time, health insurance costs are rising. With premiums and co-payments, the average employee with insurance pays nearly one-third of medical costs—about twice as much as four years ago, according to Paul H. Keckley, executive director of the Deloitte Center for Health Solutions.
L)In the United States, which unlike other industrialized nations lacks a national health plan, the looming recession may take a greater toll. About 46 million Americans lack health insurance, Dr. Keckley says, and even among the 179 million who have it, an estimated 1 in 7 would be bankrupted by a single health crisis. The economic downturn "is not good news for the health care industry," he said. "There may be something positive, but I think this needs pondering."
During the decade of recession in Japan, compared with those with secure jobs, the unemployed were more likely to fall ill.
选项
答案
H
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/8ye7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
A、Aninformationcardofarestaurant.B、Hisownbusinesscard.C、Mr.Cooper’sbusinesscard.D、Anoteofwhattodo.A男士说,他还给了女
A、Supportive.B、Opposed.C、Pessimistic.D、Neutral.A对话开头,男士说,美国众议院反对干细胞研究,时至今日,竟然还有人这么做真是令人难以置信。说明男士自己是支持干细胞研究的,故选A。
A、Youwillbedelighted.B、Youwillnotbeaffected.C、Youmayfeeldepressed.D、Youwillfeellonely.A短文提到,有一个真正快乐的人在身边能让你心情愉快
WhenMomandDadGrowOldA)Theprospectoftalkingtoincreasinglyfragileparentsabouttheirfuturecanbe"oneofthemostd
WhenMomandDadGrowOldA)Theprospectoftalkingtoincreasinglyfragileparentsabouttheirfuturecanbe"oneofthemostd
Itishardtopredicthowscienceisgoingtoturnout,andifitisreallygoodscience,itisimpossibletopredict.Iftheth
Frenchfries,washeddownwithapintofsoda,areafavoritepartoffast-foodlunchesanddinnersformillionsofAmericanyou
Anewstudyshowsthatstudentslearnmuchbetterthroughanactive,iterative(反复的)processthatinvolvesworkingthroughtheirm
相传在4000多年前的夏朝,即中国历史上第一个奴隶制王朝就开始有了历法(calendar),后人把当时中国古老的传统历法叫“夏历”。夏历是按月亮的运行周期(rotatingcycle)制定的,故又称作“阴历”。由于夏历中有一年四季节气的变化和农事安排,所
Businessesarestructuredindifferentwaystomeetdifferentneeds.The【B1】______formofbusinessiscalledanindividualorso
随机试题
某省司法厅根据李某的申请,经审核发给其律师执业证书的行为是一种()行为。
根据提示,在横线内填入适合应用文语体风格的词语。来函_________,经研究,现就有关事项答复如下。[收到并了解来函内容]
下列何种抗凝剂的作用机制不是与钙离子结合
A.急性根尖周脓肿B.慢性根尖周脓肿C.根尖肉芽肿D.根尖固囊肿E.致密性骨炎某男性的病理检查结果是:镜下可见增生的肉芽组织团块,周界清楚,主要由新生的毛细血管、成纤维细胞和浸润的各类炎症细胞构成,毛细血管内皮细胞增生肿胀,最有可能的诊断为
患者,男性,62岁。突然出现心前区疼痛伴大汗3小时,急诊就医,心电图:V1~V5导联、I、aVL导联出现病理Q波,且ST段弓背向上抬高超过0.3mV。此患者可能的诊断是
[背景材料]某医院门诊楼,位于市中心区域,建筑面积28326m2,地下1层,地上10层,檐高33.7m。框架剪力墙结构,筏板基础,基础埋深7.8m,底板厚度1100mm,混凝土强度等级C30,抗渗等级P8。室内地面铺设实木地板,工程精装修交工。20
施工项目经理的职责包括()。
某银行信贷员经手其父亲所在公司的一笔贷款项目时,应该()。
下列各项中,符合个人所得税有关规定的是()。
[A]Thesetoolscanhelpyouwineveryargument—notintheunhelpfulsenseofbeatingyouropponentsbutinthebettersenseof
最新回复
(
0
)