首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies--and other creatures--learn to do things because certain acts lead to
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies--and other creatures--learn to do things because certain acts lead to
admin
2013-06-17
125
问题
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies--and other creatures--learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological (生理的) "drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so taught them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’s responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement "switched on" a display of lights-and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.
Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
According to Papousek’s conclusion, the pleasure babies get in achieving something is a reflection of______.
选项
A、a basic human desire to understand and control the world
B、the satisfaction of certain physiological needs
C、their strong desire to solve complex problem
D、a fundamental human urge to display their learned skills
答案
A
解析
事实判断题。文章的最后一句话正是分析了科学家的实验结果以及得出的结论。帕普塞克发现“it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them,it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem,in mastering the skill,and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control(使孩子们感到满意的并不主要是灯光的情景,而是他们在解决问题和掌握技巧方面所取得的成功,也就是说,人们有一种根本的渴望去了解世界和控制世界) ”,因此,A) 正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/9gM7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
With950millionpeople,IndiarankssecondtoChinaamongthemostpopulouscountries.ButsinceChina【C1】______afamily-planni
With950millionpeople,IndiarankssecondtoChinaamongthemostpopulouscountries.ButsinceChina【C1】______afamily-planni
With950millionpeople,IndiarankssecondtoChinaamongthemostpopulouscountries.ButsinceChina【C1】______afamily-planni
With950millionpeople,IndiarankssecondtoChinaamongthemostpopulouscountries.ButsinceChina【C1】______afamily-planni
A、Becausehedidn’twanttogotothewoman’sparty.B、BecausehewasdeeplyattractedbyaprogramaboutOprahWinfrey.C、Becau
A、Peoplebecamecourageous.B、Socratestaughtyoungmenevilthings.C、Socrates’ideasdidharmtotheirruling.D、Peopleweree
A、Becausethemanaskedhimforhelp.B、Becausehethoughtthatthewomanmightneedsomehelp.C、Becausehewantedtocatchthe
Emmawasafraidtoanswerhermother’sphonecallatmidnight.Atfirst,Emma______herfatherbecauseshethoughthewasfait
Itiseasiertonegotiateinitialsalaryrequirementbecauseonceyouareinside,theorganizationalconstraints(约束)influence
随机试题
论述特许连锁店的特点和类型。
__________、__________、_________共同构成国家制度的完整内容,是国家固有的司法、行政、立法权能在不同制度形态上的反映。
Whenamanknowsthathewillbeputintoprisonifheusesapotentiallydeadlyobjecttorobordoharmtoanotherperson,he
患者,男,46岁,发现口渴、多尿、消瘦3个月,突发昏迷2日。血糖30mmol/L,血钠132mmol/L,血钾4.0mmol/L,尿素氮9.8mmol/L,CO2结合力18.3mmol/L。尿糖、尿酮体强阳性。该患者最可能的诊断是(
重力坝地基岩石强度高但在地质构造中挤压破碎,为了提高地基的整体性,采取的地基处理措施是()。
公路高程测量应采用()测量。
科学发展观的提出,标志着我们党()。
TheUniversityNewspaperisrecruitingsomejournalists.WriteamemoonDecember1,2014toallstudents,explaining1)the
下列叙述中正确的是
ForAmericans,timeismoney.Theysay,"youonlygetsomuchtimeinthislife;you’dbetteruseitwisely."The【B1】______wil
最新回复
(
0
)