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  3. An industrial society, especially one as centralized and concentrated as that of Britain, is heavily dependent on certain essent

An industrial society, especially one as centralized and concentrated as that of Britain, is heavily dependent on certain essent

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问题     An industrial society, especially one as centralized and concentrated as that of Britain, is heavily dependent on certain essential services: for instance, electricity supply, water, rail and road transport, and harbors. The area of dependency has widened to include removing rubbish, hospital and ambulance services, and, as the economy develops, central computer and information services as well. If any of these services ceases to operate, the whole economic system is in danger.
    It is this economic interdependence of the economic system that makes the power of trade unions such an important issue. Single trade unions have the ability to cut off many countries’ economic blood supply. This can happen more easily in Britain than in some other countries, in part because the labor force is highly organized. About 55 percent of British workers belong to unions, compared to under a quarter in the United States. For historical reasons, Britain’s unions have tended to develop along trade and occupational lines, rather than on an industry-by-industry basis, which makes a wages policy, democracy in industry and the improvement of procedure for fixing wage levels difficult to achieve.
    There are considerable strains and tensions in the trade union movement, some of them arising from their outdated and inefficient structure. Some unions have lost many members because of their industrial changes. Others are involved in arguments about who should represent workers in new trades. Unions for skilled trades are separate from general unions, which means that different levels of wages for certain jobs are often a source of bad feeling between unions. In traditional trades which are being pushed out of existence by advancing technologies, unions can fight for their members’ disappointing jobs to the point where the jobs of other union members are threatened or destroyed. The printing of newspapers both in the United States and in Britain has frequently been halted by the efforts of printer to hold on to their traditional highly-paid jobs.
    Trade unions have problems of internal communication just as managers in companies do, problems which multiply in very large unions or in those which bring workers in very different industries together into a single general union. Some trade union officials have to be re-elected regularly; others are elected, or even appointed, for life. Trade union officials have to work with a system of " shop stewards" in many unions, " shop stewards" being workers elected by other workers as their representatives at factory or works level.
Britain especially depends upon certain essential services partly because______.
选项 A、its industry is highly centralized and concentrated
B、its transport system often fails
C、its economic system is at high risk
D、its electricity supply is inadequate
答案A
解析 根据题干信号词Britain especially depends upon certain essential services可回文定位到首段首句An industrial society，especially one as centralized and concentrated as that ofBritain，is heavily,dependent on certain essential services…(工业社会，尤其是像英国这样高度集中的工业社会，会对某些基础服务行业特别依赖)。鉴于原因分析题通常需要在回文定位信息的上文或下文中寻找原因线索，故考生可关注定位信息(画线表达)的上文信息，即双逗号之间的表达，此处讲到英国作为工业化社会的特点是“高度集中”，这无疑就是英国对某些基础服务行业特别依赖的原因。A项与此处表达语义一致，是正确项。
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