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  3. According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge.

According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge.

admin2010-06-30  41
问题      According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. 【61】Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. 【62】 "In short," a leader of the new school contends, "the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions."
     【63】Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modem school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, and Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to and derived great benefit from, crafty information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.
     The centerpiece of the argument of a technology--yes, genius--no advocate was an analysis of Galileo’s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put the earth at the center of all heavenly motions. 【64】 Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heaven to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth. But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eye-glasses. 【65】 Whether the Governments should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.
【62】
本句的主干是…be scientific revolution…was…the improvement…，as we call it是一个非限定性定语从句，修饰revolution。That引导的也是一个定语从句，修饰the improvement and invention and use。In short简而言之；reach范围，领域。根据上文school的词义是“学派”，而不是“学校”。本句语序基本和汉语的表达习惯相符，因此无须调整语序。关键是确定that引导的定语从句的先行词，究竟是“一系列器具”，还是“一系列器具的改进、发明和使用”。我们知道，“一系列器具”对于“科学发展的范围无所不及”没有直接的关系，故可断定其先行词是be improvement and invention and use。此定语从句因为太长，应后置分译，还要重复that指代的内容。
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答案新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说：“简而言之，我们所说的科学革命主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。”
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