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  3. The amount of sunlight reaching Earth’s surface appears to be growing. The phenomenon, which some dub "global brightening," (1)

The amount of sunlight reaching Earth’s surface appears to be growing. The phenomenon, which some dub "global brightening," (1)

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问题     The amount of sunlight reaching Earth’s surface appears to be growing.  The phenomenon, which some dub "global brightening," (1)_____ scientists with a puzzle. If the (2)_____ is real and global, how long will it last and what are the consequences for climate change, the planet’s water cycle, and other (3)_____ that draw energy from sunlight? (4)_____, the answer might seem obvious: More sunlight reaching the ground in a warming world means that temperatures will get warmer (5)_____ Not so fast, some researchers say. Additional warming would be certain (6)_____ nothing else in the climate system changes. And the climate system is (7)_____ static. Some combinations of changes could reinforce the heating; others could (8)_____ it. Unraveling these interactions and forecasting their course require an accurate accounting of the sunlight reaching the surface and the (9)_____ the surface sends skyward. Moreover, researchers say, measurements of the sun’s strength at Earth’s surface are potentially powerful tools for (10)_____  human influences on the climate.
    Earth’s radiation "budget" (11)_____ an "extremely important parameter that is (12)_____ known," says Robert Charlson, an atmospheric scientist at the University of Washington at Seattle. "It needs to be (13)_____ much better than it is." (14)_____  about the amount of sunlight reaching Earth’s surface were first raised in 1974.@Researchers from the United States and Israel recorded a 12% drop (15)_____ sunlight over 40 years at a (16)_____ station in the southern Sinai Peninsula. Since then, others have used a variety of techniques to try to track (17)_____ sunlight. Three years ago, for example, a (18)_____ led by Beate Liepert at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory gathered data from ground (19)_____ around the world and found that solar radiation reaching the surface fell (20)_____ 4% from 1961 to 1990.

选项 A、down
B、around
C、to
D、by
答案D
解析 本题涉及介词用法。by常指增长或减少的幅度，正好符合句意的要求，故为正确答案。
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