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You will read a short passage, listen to a talk, and answer a question about them. After you hear the question, you will have 30
You will read a short passage, listen to a talk, and answer a question about them. After you hear the question, you will have 30
admin
2022-05-28
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问题
You will read a short passage, listen to a talk, and answer a question about them. After you hear the question, you will have 30 seconds to prepare a response and 60 seconds to record the response.
Now read the passage about the meaning of releaser stimuli. You will have 45 seconds to read the passage. Begin reading now.
Releaser Stimuli in Animal Behavior
In ethology, the study of animal behavior, a releaser is a stimulus that elicits a specific, predictable behavior pattern in an animal. The releaser stimulus can be varied and includes stimuli such as a sound, odor, moving shape, or a patch of color. When an animal encounters a releaser stimulus, it will instinctively and reflexively carry out a predetermined behavior pattern. Ethologists look to better understand relationships between releaser stimuli and the resultant response as they have many applications in animal training and animal domestication.
Now listen to part of a lecture on this topic in an ethology class.
How does the example given by the professor help illustrate the meaning of releaser stimuli? Use specific details in your answer.
Now listen to part of a lecture on this topic in a ethology class.
As you should all know from doing the reading assignment, a releaser is a stimulus that elicits a specific and predictable behavioral response in animals. The stimulus could be a sound, a smell, a movement, or a flash of color. When an animal observes this stimulus, the animal will in turn instinctively and reflexively perform a corresponding behavior. Let’s look at two examples so that you can better understand this biological phenomenon.
My first example is a toad. Toads love to eat worms. In fact, toads will attempt to eat anything that looks and acts like a worm. Ethologists tested this by placing a pencil near the toads and continuously moving it. To the toad, the moving and shaking pencil appeared to be a worm. This moving and shaking of a worm-like object acted as the releaser for the toad and elicited a specific and predictable response. This instinctive response was to attack the pencil and try to eat it.
My second example is geese. When geese want to protect their eggs, they use their beaks to pick up objects and throw these objects into their nests to protect the eggs. Eggs are round in shape and ethologists use similarly round objects to mimic goose eggs. When the ethologists tested for behavioral responses from the geese, the geese were found to respond in an aggressive manner defending their nests when they believed that their eggs were being harassed. In this scenario the round objects acted as a releaser causing the geese to act in a predictable manner to defend their unborn young. Hopefully these two examples help you understand the relationship between releaser and it’s corresponding behavior.
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答案
A releaser is a stimulus used by ethologists to evoke a specific behavior pattern in an animal. The releaser stimuli can take various forms, including sound, odor, moving shape and color. An animal will demonstrate a predictable behavior pattern when it confronts a certain releaser stimulus. For example, toads love eating worms and will attempt to eat anything that appears to be worms. When ethologists constantly move and shake a pencil in front of a toad, it will intuitively try to attack and eat it. In this case, a worm-like moving object is the releaser stimulus. For geese, a round object can be a releaser stimulus. When geese see an object that resembles a goose egg, they’ll try to protect it from attack, as they do for their young.
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