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  3. We all know(or should know)by now that the carbon dioxide we produce when we burn fossil fuels and cut down forests is the plane

We all know(or should know)by now that the carbon dioxide we produce when we burn fossil fuels and cut down forests is the plane

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问题     We all know(or should know)by now that the carbon dioxide we produce when we burn fossil fuels and cut down forests is the planet’s single largest contributor to global warming. It persists in the atmosphere for centuries. Reducing these emissions by as much as half by 2050 is essential to avoid disastrous consequences by the end of this century, and we must begin immediately.
    But this is a herculean undertaking, both technically and politically. There is, however, a short-term strategy. We can slow this warming quickly by cutting emissions of four other climate pollutants: black carbon, a component of soot; methane, the main component of natural gas; lower-level ozone, a main ingredient of urban smog; and hydrofluorocarbons, or HFCs, which are used as coolants. They account for as much as 40 percent of current warming.
    We can reduce black carbon emissions significantly in the next few decades by using particulate filters on cars and trucks and switching to low-sulfur diesel. By employing those strategies, California, for instance, has cut the warming effect from diesel emissions by nearly half since the late 1980s. In addition, we can further reduce emissions of black carbon and carbon monoxide(which produces lower-level ozone)in the developing world simply by turning to efficient biomass cook stoves instead of using traditional mud stoves, by replacing kerosene lamps in villages with solar lamps, and by deploying modern brick kilns.
    Methane emissions can be cut by nearly a third by reducing leaks from gas pipes, coal mines and hydraulic fracturing, by capturing methane from waste dumps, water treatment plants and manure, and by cutting emissions from rice paddies.
    These reductions in methane, carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds would also significantly reduce lower-level ozone, which is another important climate-warming pollutant that is formed by the interaction of sunlight with other short-lived pollutants.
    And HFCs, which are widely used in refrigerators, can be replaced with readily available climate-friendly refrigerants. Nearly 100 ozone-depleting chemicals have been phased out under the Montreal Protocol, an international treaty that took effect in 1989, and more than 100 countries support a shift to the safer HFC alternatives. Phasing down HFCs would provide climate protection many times greater than the current Kyoto climate treaty—the equivalent of about 100 billion tons of carbon dioxide by 2050.
    Unlike carbon dioxide, these pollutants are short-lived in the atmosphere. If we shtop emitting them, they will disappear in a matter of weeks to a few decades. These reductions would also prevent an estimated two to four million deaths from air pollution and avoid billions of dollars of crop loss annually, according to a study commissioned by the United Nations Environment Program and the World Meteorological Organization.
According to the paragraph 3. California has cut the warming effect from diesel emissions by______.
选项 A、using particulate filters on cars and trucks and switching to low-sulfur diesel
B、turning to efficient biomass cook stoves instead of using traditional mud stoves
C、replacing kerosene lamps in villages with solar lamps
D、deploying modern brick kilns
答案A
解析 本题是一道细节题，考查考生对第三段中有关减少碳黑和一氧化碳排放方法的理解和判断。加利福尼亚州的例子出现在第三段，在第三段一开始就说“在接下来的几十年里我们可以通过在小汽车和卡车上使用微粒过滤器以及转换为低硫黄柴油的方式显著的降低碳黑的排放”，接着便以加州为例，说明这种方法的有效性，因此A项正确。BCD均讲的是减少发展中国家碳黑和一氧化碳排放的方法，并不是加州的做法，因此错误。其实，在时间有限、来不及回到文中逐项对照的情况下，本题也可以选出正确答案。题目问的关于“柴油排放”的问题，选项中只有A选项跟柴油相关，其他选项根本就没有提到。
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