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  3. Women could increase their retirement benefits by 30 per cent if they work as many years as men, expert says. Latin American

Women could increase their retirement benefits by 30 per cent if they work as many years as men, expert says. Latin American

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问题    Women could increase their retirement benefits by 30 per cent if they work as many years as men, expert says.
   Latin American and Caribbean women could probably get a 30% higher payout if their retirement age were changed to equal men’s retirement age, noted specialist Truman Packard of the World Bank during a recent presentation at IDB headquarters. His new analysis sheds a bit more light on the differences between men’s and women’s participation in Latin American pension systems.
   Is leveling the retirement age for working men and women an equitable and efficient solution for society? 【R6】______
   Traditionally, women have retired earlier than men, but they tend to live longer than their male counterparts. Thus, most women are in need of a pension guarantee. But few actually have one.【R7】______While most men are covered by self-financed or independent pensions, over half of women are covered only through survivor’s benefits, due to the contribution of their husbands.
   The results from Argentina tell the story of the two informal sectors of society that are outside of the social security system; one chooses not to contribute and is largely made up of men who were either self-employed, independent or employers; and the other is composed mostly of women who were employees of small firms and/or employed without a contract and benefits. 【R8】______
   Additionally, more women than men fail to work the minimum number of years required to be eligible for the pension guarantee. 【R9】______
   Throughout Latin America and the Caribbean there are significant behavioral differences between men and women in regard to contribution levels. 【R10】______
   A. Many of these women would have liked to contribute to pension plans, but could not because their employment circumstances excluded them from participating, noted Packard.
   B. Packard conducted a survey in 2000 in Santiago, Chile, showing that while some 30 percent of men who participate in the social security system never become eligible to receive the minimum government pension guarantee, as many as 50 percent of participating women do not.
   C. Packard said his findings indicate that equalizing retirement ages for both genders is not only a worldwide trend, but a logical option.
   D. Data from a 2003 survey of older adults (average age 60) in Argentina showed a striking difference in pension coverage between men and women.
   E. Packard also suggested moving from the old pay-as-you-go public systems to multi-pillar model private systems based on contribution density.
   F. Packard’s study shows that contribution density — the ratio of contributing months to total months worked in the labor force — is lower for women than for men.
【R8】
选项
答案A
解析 本题的答题关键在于了解选项A中“these women”的指代作用。
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