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  3. Competition makes losers as well as winners. This fact makes a simple rule for judging when it is useful to society and when it

Competition makes losers as well as winners. This fact makes a simple rule for judging when it is useful to society and when it

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问题    Competition makes losers as well as winners. This fact makes a simple rule for judging when it is useful to society and when it is dangerous. Can we afford to look after the losers? They are not going to vanish.
   Education is a typical example. The market, and the self-interest of parents, would ensure that good schools flourished and bad ones—well, they would disappear. Yet authorities still must ensure that every child has a school place in order to avoid discontent among parents even while the means to do so has largely vanished now that two thirds of secondary schools in Britain are academies which they do not control.
   By encouraging parental choice in schools, successive governments hoped to harness the ambition of families to give their children the best education possible. But this ambition is by its nature limited. It does not extend to other people’s children. In fact, "it is not enough to succeed; others must fail". The burden of student loans increases the price of failure for those who fail to get into the "right" universities or study the "right" subjects. The result is an increase of inequality without any corresponding increase in quality at the top.
   One measure of this is house prices. State schools with a good reputation increase the price of houses in their catchment areas (学生来源地区) substantially. A survey showed that outside London parents were willing to pay up to three times the average price for a house to get their children into desirable schools. Catchment areas operate as a kind of pre-exclusion mechanism, which keeps poorer children out of good schools. In all this, both schools and parents are responding to the competition as a zero-sum game. We are all poorer as a result.
   It is arguable that the cost of bad schools to society, as well as to the children involved, far outweighs the benefits that competition has brought the good ones. School systems should be judged on the basis of their worst performances, not their best.
What does the author imply about school systems?
选项 A、Their worst performances are the measurement.
B、Parents’ choices determine school systems.
C、The government controls school systems.
D、Good schools have priority.
答案A
解析 推理判断题。根据定位句，应根据他们的最差表现而不是最好表现来评判学校体系，由此推断学校体系的最差表现即是衡量标准，故答案为A)。B)“父母的选择决定学校体系”，从上下文可以看出，影响学校体系的因素是多方面的，仅仅父母的选择并不能决定学校体系，故排除；C)“政府控制学校体系”，文中并没有提到相关内容，故排除该项；D)“好学校享有优先权”，文中只提到政府希望能利用家庭的抱负为其子女提供尽可能好的教育，并没有提到好学校优先权的问题，故排除。
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