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  3. In the past, American colleges and universities were created to serve a dual purpose to advance learning and to offer a chance t

In the past, American colleges and universities were created to serve a dual purpose to advance learning and to offer a chance t

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问题     In the past, American colleges and universities were created to serve a dual purpose to advance learning and to offer a chance to become familiar with bodies of knowledge already discovered to those who wished it. To create and to impart, these were the distinctive features of American higher education prior to the most recent, disorderly decades of the twentieth century. The successful institution of higher learning had never been one whose mission could be defined in terms of providing vocational skills or as a strategy for resolving societal problems.
    Another purpose has now been assigned to the mission of American colleges and universities. Institutions of higher learning—public or private—commonly face the challenge of defining their programs in such a way as to contribute to the service of the community.
    This service role has various applications. Most common are programs to meet the demands of regional employment markets, to provide opportunities for upward social and economic mobility, to achieve racial, ethnic, or social integration, or more generally to produce "productive" as compared to "educated" graduates. Regardless of its precise definition, the idea of a service-university has won acceptance within the academic community.
    One need only be reminded of the change in language describing the two-year college to appreciate the new value currently being attached to the concept of a service-related university. The traditional two-year college has shed its pejorative "junior" college label and is generally called a " community college" , a clearly value-laden expression representing the latest commitment in higher education. Even the doctoral degree, long recognized as a required "union card" in the academic world, has come under severe criticism as the pursuit of learning for its own sake and the accumulation of knowledge without immediate application to the professor’s classroom duties. The idea of a college or university that performs a triple function—communicating knowledge to students, expanding the content of various disciplines, and interacting in a direct relationship with society—has been the most important change in higher education in recent years.
    This novel development, however, is often overlooked. Educators have always been familiar with those parts of the two-year college curriculum that have a "service" or vocational orientation. It is important to know this. But some commentaries on American postsecondary education tend to underplay the impact of the attempt of colleges and universities to relate to, if not resolve, the problems of society. What’s worse, they obscure a fundamental question posed by the service-university—what is higher education supposed to do?
The change in language describing the two-year college is mentioned in paragraph 4 so as to______.
选项 A、reveal the change of two-year college in status
B、indicate the valuation of a service-oriented university
C、show the advantage of a junior college over higher education
D、criticism of the doctoral degree
答案B
解析 根据题目中出处提示Paragraph 4以及信号词the change in language和describing two—year college可回文定位到第四段首句(只需提醒人们注意一下对两年制大学语言描述的变化，即可意识到服务型大学的理念在当前被给予的全新价值。)此处为本题目的“题眼”。根据该句不定式to表达可知：“对两年制大学语言描述的变化”是举例，目的是证明“服务型大学理念的价值”，即对“以服务为导向大学的评价”，故B项是正确答案。请考生注意彼此的信息对应：appreciate the new value(意识到价值)对应选项中的valuation(估价，评价)；the concept of a service-related university(服务型大学的理念)对应选项a service-oriented university(以服务为导向的大学)。
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