首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In many classrooms around the country, teachers are emphasizing, and periodically testing, students’ reading fluency, the curren
In many classrooms around the country, teachers are emphasizing, and periodically testing, students’ reading fluency, the curren
admin
2012-03-23
73
问题
In many classrooms around the country, teachers are emphasizing, and periodically testing, students’ reading fluency, the current buzzword in reading instruction. The problem is that speed isn’t the only element to fluency, educators said. Key elements are also accuracy and expressiveness.
"The food was delectable" is different from "the food was detestable," and Shakespeare should not sound like a chemistry textbook.
It is a complicated process teaching students to recognize enough words and read at a consistent rate so they can spend their time concentrating on meaning rather than decoding, educators said. And when tackling a book such as "The Giver," one that deals with a boy’s discovery that his utopian world comes at the expense of the stifling of intellectual and emotional freedom, meaning is critical.
"Fluent readers are readers who know how to dig into a book and pull out just what they are looking for— whether it is information, a part with strong language, a part with good character development, or just a chance to read for fun," said Susan Marantz, a longtime teacher now at a suburban school in Columbus, Ohio.
Yet a combination of politics, insufficient teacher development and an inherent difficulty in capturing all aspects of fluency have led to questionable instruction practices, according to Richard Allington, a reading researcher and University of Tennessee professor.
Many students are asked by teachers to reread the same passages over and over—often with constant interruptions from the teacher. And some struggling readers are given books —including textbooks—that are above their reading level and soon become a source of frustration.
"You can make any adult a disfluent reader by giving them books that are too hard and jump in and interrupt them a lot," Allington said. " What do you think it does to kids?"
As a result, some kids are motivated to read only to beat a test clock, he and other researchers said.
"The more important question to ask is: Are teachers focusing on all three parts of fluency?" Beers, vice president elect of the National Council of Teachers of English, wrote in an e-mail. "When fluency is only about building automaticity (and therefore speed), then some (teachers) do mistakenly believe that the point of reading is fast decoding. That’s no more the best measure of a skilled reader than fast driving is the best measure of skilled driver. "
The current interest in reading fluency illustrates the complexities in the long national argument about how best to teach reading, dubbed the "reading wars. "
Advocates of phonics and literature-based instruction have been at odds for years, with the argument only intensifying after a controversial 2000 report by the National Reading Panel. Many reading experts said the panel relied on a limited set of studies that supported, among other things, intensive drilling in phonics. Reading fluency also was one of the key areas for instruction, along with phonemic awareness and phonics instruction, comprehension, teacher education and computer technology. President Bush used the report as a basis for Reading First, a program to improve reading scores that became the centerpiece of his No Child Left Behind law.
Although fluency had long been identified by experts as important, it then became a hot issue.
Reading researchers began devising programs to help teachers improve students’ fluency. And although there was no consensus definition of fluency, panels approving Reading First money accepted programs that used tools that stressed reading speed, according to some educators. A report by the Department of Education’s inspector general this month slammed the grant-approval processing, saying it was riddled with problems and conflicts of interest.
The result, said fluency expert Tim Rasinski of Kent State University, was a message sent to schools to concentrate on speed. "The influence of No Child Left Behind has been such that even schools that aren’t Reading First schools are doing periodic (speed reading) testing of kids," he said.
In Ottumwa, Iowa, Evans Middle School did it a different way. Evans was declared a school in need of improvement in reading in 2004, and Principal Davis Eidahl said he adopted a program focused on reading fluency using a model constructed by Rasinski aimed at improving comprehension.
Some students, he said, came into the school reading fast but understanding little.
"They read so fast, with no punctuation and no expression that we’d go back and ask comprehension questions and they weren’t very successful answering them. " he said.
To slow them down and teach them to talk with expression and comprehension, various exercises were used, including having children read passages to each other and listen to how they sound when reading, asking students to repeat passages, and adding 45 more minutes of reading time each day, he said.
Now, 71 percent of the kids are reading at grade level, up from 58 percent two years ago. What worked, Eidahl said, was addressing all aspects of fluency, maintaining consistency and most importantly, having a quality teacher.
" It all comes down to the teacher," he said. " It’s people, not programs. "
National Reading Panel focuses on______.
选项
A、accuracy
B、speed
C、comprehension
D、expressiveness
答案
B
解析
在第十一段中提到Many reading experts said the panel relied on a limited set of studies that supported,among other things,intensive drilling in phonics,而在此句之前可以得知phonics与强调comprehension的正好是截然不同的两派,所以可以看出National Reading Panel支持intensive drilling in phonics,是与强训accuracy、speed、comprehension、 expressiveness缺一不可的观点相反,只强调speed,所以选B。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/F6iO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
MasstransportationrevisedthesocialandeconomicfabricoftheAmericancityinthreefundamentalways.Itcatalyzedphysical
A、Tostandtrialonillegaldrugtraffickingcharges.B、Tostandtrialonmurderchargesof39people.C、Tostandtrialonmurde
AreFamiliesNecessary?Ashumanchildrenareunusually【1】foranunusuallylongtime,it’sobviousthateverysocietymustp
By"forefathers"intheUSA,theyusuallyrefertothefollowingfiguresexcept______.
A、Aninternationalassociationhasbeensetuptotakecareofnoiseproblem.B、Unlikeothercountries,Britainisanoise-consc
A、Theatricalshow.B、AcomedyshowontheBBCtelevision.C、Thesaleofplasticnoses.D、Thesaleoftelevisionsets.B
Innormalreading,______inthephrasethirteengirlsandthirtyboysshouldbestressed.
ThetwomajornovelistsoftheRomanticperiodareJaneAustenand______.
WhenaMassachusettsbiotechcompanyrecentlydeclaredthatitsresearchershadclonedhumanembryos,itconjuredupscaryimage
Athrongofbeardedmen,insad-coloredgarmentsandgraysteeple-crownedhats,intermixedwithwomen,somewearinghoodsandot
随机试题
在Windows中,一切操作均可以从单击________按钮开始。
属于窄谱抗生素的是
下列病因中因产热过多引起体温升高的是
猪传染性萎缩性鼻炎的特征性症状是
回购交易申报无数量限制。()
(2012年)增值税小规模纳税人发生下列销售行为,可以申请税务机关代开增值税专用发票的是()。
甲公司建造该设备的成本是()。对于甲公司就该设备更新改造的会计处理,下列各项中,错误的是()。
4张卡片上分别写有数字1,2,3,4,从这4张卡片中随机抽取2张,则取出的2张卡片上的数字之和为奇数的概率为().
ThingstobeTaughtinEverySchoolI.Introduction:Importanceofstudents’abilitytodealwiththerealworld.A.Speaker’so
Itisclearthatsomepeoplewhoparticipateinexercisetrainingwilldevelopinjuriestotheirbones,muscles,andjoints(关节).
最新回复
(
0
)