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  3. "Where did the time go?" middle-aged and older adults often remark. Many of us feel that time passes more quickly as we age, a p

"Where did the time go?" middle-aged and older adults often remark. Many of us feel that time passes more quickly as we age, a p

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问题    "Where did the time go?" middle-aged and older adults often remark. Many of us feel that time passes more quickly as we age, a perception that can lead to regrets. 【F1】According to a psychologist and BBC columnist, "the sensation that time speeds up as you get older is one of the biggest mysteries of the experience of time." Fortunately, our attempts to unravel this mystery have yielded some intriguing findings.
   【F2】2005, for instance, psychologists Marc Wittmann and Sandra Lenhoff, both then working at the same university, surveyed 499 participants, ranging in age from 14 to 94 years, about the pace at which they felt time moving—from "very slowly" to "very fast." For shorter durations—a week, a month, even a year—the subjects’ perception of time did not appear to increase with age. Most participants felt that the clock ticked by quickly. But for longer durations, such as a decade, a pattern emerged: older people tended to perceive time as moving faster. 【F3】When asked to reflect on their lives, the participants older than 40 felt that time elapsed slowly in their childhood but then accelerated steadily through their teenage years into early adulthood.
   There are good reasons why older people may feel that way. 【F4】When it comes to how to perceive our time, humans can estimate the length of an event from two very different perspectives: a prospective vantage, while an event is still occurring, or a retrospective one, after it has ended. In addition, our experience of time varies with whatever we are doing and how we feel about it. In fact, time does fly when we are having fun. Engaging in a novel exploit makes time appear to pass more quickly in the moment. But if we remember that activity later on, it will seem to have lasted longer than more mundane experiences.
   The reason? 【F5】Our brain encodes new experiences, but not familiar ones, into memory, and our retrospective judgment of time is based on how many new memories we create over a certain period. In other words, the more new memories we build on a weekend getaway, the longer that trip will seem in hindsight. This phenomenon, which Hammond has dubbed the holiday paradox, seems to present one of the best clues as to why, in retrospect, time seems to pass more quickly the older we get.
【F4】
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答案当谈及对时间的感受，人类能从两种截然不同的角度估算事件持续时间的长短：一个是以预期角度，此时事件正在发生；另一个是以回忆的角度，此时事件已经结束。
解析 ①时间状语从句的句型是When it comes to sth．，意思是“当谈及／涉及某事时”，宾语由“疑问词+不定式”结构充当，意为“如何感知时间”。②主句是主谓宾结构，句中from two very different perspectives作状语，说明人类从两种截然不同的角度评估时间的长短。③冒号后面的内容是perspectives的同位语，具体说明是哪两个角度。
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