首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research showing
Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research showing
admin
2019-04-19
87
问题
Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research showing that senior women professors in the institute’s school of science had lower salaries and received fewer resources for research than their male counterparts did. Discrimination against female scientists has
cropped up
elsewhere. One study—conducted in Sweden, of all places—showed that female medical-research scientists had to be twice as good as men to win research grants. These pieces of work, though, were relatively small-scale. Now, a much larger study has found that discrimination plays a role in the pay gap between male and female scientists at British universities.
Sara Connolly, a researcher at the University of East Anglia’s school of economics, has been analyzing the results of a survey of over 7,000 scientists and she has just presented her findings at this year’s meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in Norwich. She found that the average pay gap between male and female academics working in science, engineering and technology is around £ 1,500 ($2,850) a year.
That is not, of course, irrefutable proof of discrimination. An alternative hypothesis is that the courses of men’s and women’s lives mean the gap is caused by something else: women taking " career breaks" to have children, for example, and thus rising more slowly through the hierarchy. Unfortunately for that idea, Dr. Connolly found that men are also likely to earn more within any given grade of the hierarchy. Male professors, for example, earn over £ 4,000 a year more than female ones.
To prove the point beyond doubt, Dr. Connolly worked out how much of the overall pay differential was explained by differences such as seniority, experience and age, and how much was unexplained, and therefore suggestive of discrimination. Explicable differences amounted to 77% of the overall pay gap between the sexes. That still left a substantial 23% gap in pay, which Dr. Connolly attributes to discrimination.
Besides pay, her study also looked at the " glass-ceiling" effect—namely that at all stages of a woman’s career she is less likely than her male colleagues to be promoted. Between postdoctoral and lecturer level, men are more likely to be promoted than women are, by a factor of between 1.04 and 2.45. Such differences are bigger at higher grades, with the hardest move of all being for a woman to settle into a professorial chair.
Of course, it might be that, at each grade, men do more work than women, to make themselves more eligible for promotion. But that explanation, too, seems to be wrong. Unlike the previous studies, Dr. Connolly’s compared the experience of scientists in universities with that of those in other sorts of laboratory. It turns out that female academic researchers face more barriers to promotion, and have a wider gap between their pay and that of their male counterparts, than do their sisters in industry or research institutes independent of universities. Private enterprise, in other words, delivers more equality than the supposedly egalitarian world of academia does.
Which of followings could be the best title for the text?
选项
A、Take the Lead
B、Free to Flutter
C、The Hardest Move
D、Mind the Gap
答案
D
解析
这是一道中心主旨题,测试考生对原文整体把握以及对中心主旨理解的能力。本题的答案信息在原文首段的尾句(即本文的中心主旨句),其大意是:“现在,一次更大规模的研究(即萨拉-康纳利的研究)已经发现歧视在英国大学男女科学家收入差距(pay gap)方面起着作用”。由此可以推断出本题的正确选项应该是D。考生在阅读时要注意识别和理解原文的中心主旨句。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/FznZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Americaisoneofmanycountrieswherethestategivesaleg-uptomembersofcertainracial,ethnic,orothergroups【C1】______h
Manypeopleliketotravel.Theproblemisgettingyourpettothe【C1】______.Inrecentyears,transportingpetsonflightshas
Manypeopleliketotravel.Theproblemisgettingyourpettothe【C1】______.Inrecentyears,transportingpetsonflightshas
Thearrivalofthemass-producedcar,justoveracenturyago,causeda(n)【C1】______ofbusinesscreation.Firstcamethemakers
Ayoungconsultant’slifeistiring.A【C1】______weekstartsbeforedawnonMonday,witharushtotheairportanda【C2】______to
Prewritingreferstostrategiesyoucanusetogenerateideasbeforestartingthefirstdraftofapaper.Prewritingtechniques
Aperson’shomeisasmuchareflectionofhispersonalityastheclotheshewears,thefoodheeatsandthefriendswithwhomh
Aperson’shomeisasmuchareflectionofhispersonalityastheclotheshewears,thefoodheeatsandthefriendswithwhomh
Googleistalkingtoautomakersabouthowtobringitsself-driving-cartechnologytomarket,executivessaidTuesday.Project
ThebattlebetweenAppleandlawenforcementofficialsoverunlockingaterrorist’ssmart-phoneistheclimaxofaslowturning
随机试题
以下哪种说法是正确的
胃穿孔病人急诊手术后需要准备()。
根据《行政许可法》的规定,下列可以不设定行政许可的事项是()。
在以下各项中,属于安装工程盈利中的税金的是()。
技术设计和工作图设计过程设计输入的主要内容包括()。
下列关于承诺的表述中,正确的有()。
基金投资运作中,交易指令具体包括()。
求下列方程通解或满足给定初始条件的特解:1)y’+1=xex+y.2)+x+sin(x+y)=03)y’+ytanx=cosx4)(1+x)y"+y’=05)yy"一(y’)2=y4,y(0)=1,y’(0)=06)f"+4y’+1=0
应用层FTP协议主要用于实现哪种网络服务功能( )
Asapopularsayinggoes:"【C1】______"Goodhealthenablesoneto【C2】______andachievewhathe【C3】______.Withgoodhealthweca
最新回复
(
0
)