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  3. Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it

Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it

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问题     Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckbergen told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected Americans. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not Americans, who have become anti-intellectual.
    First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? (46)I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底的) way about moral problems. He explores such problem consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual anti moral information which he has obtained. (47)His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.
    This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals—the average scientist for one (48)I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routine duties—he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. (49)But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his walking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.
    The definition also excludes the majority of factors, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. (50)They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority eminent scholars. "Being learned in some branch of human knowledge in one thing, living in public and industrious thoughts", as Emerson would say, "is something else".
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答案我会把知识分子定义为这样的人：他把以苏格拉底的方式思考道德问题作为人生的主要任务和乐趣。
解析 这是一个定语从句，在确定了主句和从句后，难度在于define这个词如何翻泽。"define…as"(把…定义为…)是个词组，理解了这一点后。我们需要对"him"做一些处理。这里的"him"我们既可以翻译成为"知识分子"，也可以省略不译。也就是说，前句我们可以翻译成："我会把’知识分子’定义为这样的人…"或者是"我对于’知识分子’的定义是…的人"。
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