Choose the correct letter, A, B or C. Research project on attitudes towards study Tony is particularly impressed by Phoebe’s ab

Narrator: You will hear a woman called Phoebe, who is training to be a teacher, talking to her tutor, called Tony, about research she has done in a school. First you have some time to look at Questions 21-25. Now listen and answer Questions 21-25.
Tony: So how did you get on with your school-based research, Phoebe?
Phoebe: Well, it was exhausting but really valuable.
Tony: Good. What was the specific focus you chose?
Phoebe: My title is ’Attitudes towards study among eleven-twelve year-old pupils’.
Tony: Right. And what made you choose that focus?
Phoebe: Well, that’s a bit difficult... lots of my classmates decided on their focus really early on...mainly on the basis of what they thought would help in their future career, you know, in their first year’s teaching.
Tony: So that’s what helped you decide?
Phoebe: Actually, it was that I came across a book written by experienced teachers on student attitudes and that motivated me to go for the topic.
Tony: OK. So what were your research questions or issues?
Phoebe: Well, I wanted to look at the ways students responded to different teachers particularly focussing on whether very strict teachers made teenagers less motivated.
Tony: And, from your research, did you find that was true?
Phoebe: No, not from what I saw you know, from my five days’ observation, talking to people and so forth.
Tony: OK ... We’ll talk about the actual research methods in a moment, but before that, can you briefly summarise what your most striking findings are.
Phoebe: Well, what really amazed me was the significant gender differences, I didn’t set out to focus on that but I found that boys were much more positive about being at school ... girls were more impatient, they talked a lot about wanting to grow up and leave school.
Tony: Very interesting.
Phoebe: Yeah ... it is. From doing the research it was clear to me that you might start out to focus on one thing but you pick up lots of unexpected insights.
Tony: Right. Did you get any insights into teaching?
Phoebe: Yes, certainly. I was doing a lot of observations of the way kids with very different abilities collaborate on certain tasks, you know, help each other...and I began to realise that the lessons were developing in really unexpected ways.
Tony: So what conclusion do you draw from that?
Phoebe: Well, I know it’s necessary for teachers to prepare lessons carefully but it’s great if they also allow lessons to go their own ways...
Tony: Good point. Now, I’m really pleased to see you doing this—analysing and drawing conclusions based on data.
Phoebe: But surely this isn’t proper data ...
Tony: Because it’s derived from such small-scale research? Well, as long as you don’t make grand claims for your findings, this data is entirely valid.
Phoebe: Hmm ...
Tony: I like the way you’re already stepping back from the experience and thinking about what you’ve learned about research ... well done.
Phoebe: But I know I could have done it better.
Tony: As you become more experienced you’ll find ways to reduce the risk of difficulties.
Phoebe: OK.
Narrator: Now you have some time to look at Questions 26-30. Now listen and answer Questions 26-30.
Tony: So, let’s look in more detail at how you gathered your data. Let’s start with lesson observation.
Phoebe: Well, it generally went quite smoothly. I chose my focus and designed my checklist. Then teachers allowed me into their classes without any problems, which surprised me. It was afterwards that the gruelling work started!
Tony: Yeah, it’s very time—consuming, isn’t it? Making sense of...analysing ... your observation notes.
Phoebe: Absolutely. Much more so than interview data, for example ... that was relatively easy to process, though I wanted to make sure I used a high-quality recorder... to make transcription easier... and I had to wait until one became available.
Tony: Right. And did you interview some kids as well?
Phoebe: In the end, yes, I talked to ten, and they were great. I’d imagined I’d be bored listening to them, but ...
Tony: So it was easy to concentrate?
Phoebe: Sure. One of the teachers was a bit worried about the ethics, you know, whether it was right to interview young pupils, and it took a while for him to agree to let me talk to three of the kids in his class but he relented in the end.
Tony: Good. What other methods did you use?
Phoebe: I experimented with questionnaires, but I really regret that now. I decided to share the work with another student but we had such different agendas it ended up taking twice as long.
Tony: That’s a shame ... it might be worth you reflecting on ways you might improve on that for future projects ...
Phoebe: You’re right, yeah.
Tony: OK.
Phoebe: And the other thing I did was stills photography. I didn’t take as many pictures as I’d hoped to ...
Tony: Lack of time?
Phoebe: It’s pretty easy just snapping away ... but I wanted each snap to have a purpose, you know, that would contribute to my research aims... and I found that difficult.
Tony: Well, that’s understandable, but remember...