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  3. When they advise your kids to "get an education" if you want to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth. What they

When they advise your kids to "get an education" if you want to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth. What they

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问题     When they advise your kids to "get an education" if you want to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth.  What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide manpower for your society, but not too much that you prove an embarrassment to your society. Get a high school diploma, at least. Without that, you are occupationally dead, unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison and you can successfully drop out in grade school.
    Get a college degree, if possible. With a B. A, , you are on the launching pad (发射台). But now you have to start to put on the brakes. If you go for a master’s degree, make sure it is an M. B. A. , and only from a first-rate university. Beyond this, the famous law of diminishing returns (报酬递减律) begins to take effect.
    Do you know,  for instance,  that long-haul truck drivers earn more a year than full professors? Yes, the average 1977 salary for those truckers was  ＄24,000,  while the full professors managed to average just ＄ 23,930.
    A Ph. D. is the highest degree you can get, but except in a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry, where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial or commercial purposes, you are facing a dim future. There are more Ph. D. s unemployed or underemployed in this country than in any other part of the world by far.
    If you become a doctor of philosophy in English or history or anthropology or political science or languages or-worst of all-in philosophy, you run the risk of becoming overeducated for our national demands. Not for our needs, mind you, but for our demands.
    Thousands of Ph. D. s are selling shoes, driving cabs, waiting on tables and filling out fruitless applications month after month. And then maybe taking a job in some high school or backwater college that pays much less than the janitor (看门人) earns.
    You can equate the level of income with the level of education only so far. Far enough, that is, to make you useful to the gross national product, but not so far that nobody can turn much of a profit on you.
The writer is critical of______.
选项 A、the educational system
B、the Ph. D. s
C、the society
D、the employers
答案C
解析 该题是推理判断题，要求推断作者对什么或什么人持批评态度。从全文尤其是第五段“Not for our needs，mind you，but for our demands”和最后一段“make you useful to the gross national product”可以看出，社会不是不需要，而是不要求“过度教育，高学历”，只关注GNP，这里隐含了作者对社会短视的批评态度，所以选项C正确。
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