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  3. David frank started working for tips when he was 11 years old, delighting restaurant diners in New York with his magic tricks. A

David frank started working for tips when he was 11 years old, delighting restaurant diners in New York with his magic tricks. A

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问题     David frank started working for tips when he was 11 years old, delighting restaurant diners in New York with his magic tricks. As a teenager he would make an average of $60—70 in an evening—not bad, but he wanted more. So he started reading research on tipping, and found a study showing that servers who left a sweet at the end of the meal could up their pay. He tried handing punters a playing card at the end of his act, hoping that the memento would persuade them to part with more cash. It worked.
    Mr. Frank’s findings confirmed the notion of the tip as a sort of reward for outstanding service. That may sound straightforward, but a follow-up study with Michael Lynn of Cornell University, where Mr Frank now happens to be a student, found an opportunity for some sleight of hand.
    They discovered that performing a magic trick at a table also increased the tips for the waiters and waitresses serving there, even though they had done absolutely nothing more than usual. Though tipping may seem like a simple economic transaction, by incentivising people to perform extra well, it turns out to be anything but.
    For a start, economists are puzzled by the fact that so many people give tips, voluntarily handing out cash for a routine service, when it is assumed that customers generally want to pay as little as possible for what they buy. But fuzzier factors also seem to matter, like the feelings of gratitude that Mr Frank inspired. A survey in 2010 by Ofer Azar of Israel’s Ben-Gurion University of the Negev found that 85％ of American tippers claimed to be following a social norm, while 60％ said they tipped to avoid guilty.
    During the pandemic these fuzzy factors appear to have intensified. Mr Lynn observed that people have been tipping more generously even while ordering takeaway food, while Sarah Conlisk of the Federal Reserve Board has found that people travelling in richer areas have been tipping their taxi drivers more than before.
    The presence of a pandemic or of a magician performing at one’s table are just two of an array of factors that may affect the size of a tip. A tipper may simply be touched by the server. If a waiter squats down beside you at the table as he or she takes your order, that often elicits a higher tip. Good weather may spur generosity too.
What is the text centered on?
选项 A、The point and reasons of tipping.
B、The debate over giving tips.
C、The ways to make more tips.
D、The effect of pandemic on tipping.
答案A
解析 主旨题。解答主旨题应着眼于全文。第一段以大卫.弗兰克的例子引出本文话题“给小费”；第二、三段借迈克尔.林恩的研究发现，指出给小费的意义远不止一种简单的经济交易；第四段进一步指出付小费的人支付小费的原因；第五、六段指出了一些会刺激小费额度的不确定因素，由此可以看出A项准确地概括了全文内容，故正确。B项属于无中生有，文章并未涉及关于给小费的争论，故排除。C项和D项属于以偏概全，分别是第一段和最后两段提到的细节性内容，不足以概括全文，故排除。故本题答案为A项。
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