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  3. Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfo

Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfo

admin2021-01-06  31
问题     Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. "Net choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd," William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word "habit" carries a negative implication.
    So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.
    Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. In fact, the more new things we try—the more we step outside our comfort zone—the more inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives.
    But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old reads.
    "The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder," says Dawna Markova, author of The Open Mind. "But we are taught instead to ’decide’, just as our president calls himself ’the Decider’." She adds, however, that "to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities."
    All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960a discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.
    The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. "This breaks the major rule in the American belief system — that anyone can do anything," explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book This Year I Will... and Ms. Markova’s business partner. "That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence." This is where developing new habits comes in.
选项 A、casual
B、familiar
C、mechanical
D、changeable
答案C
解析 本题问的是：根据Wordsworth的观点，习惯是怎么样的?各选项的意思分别是：A．随意的，偶然的， B．熟悉的，常见的；C．机械的；D．可改变的。文章第一段提到“Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd”，William Wordsworth said．注意此句话中“but”后面的内容，“习惯驾驭着没有头脑的羊群”。Mechanical可以说是对unreflecting的替换。此外我们还可以从整体上把握这一段话的内容。Wordsworth的观点与本段话的整体内容是保持一致的。本段第二句话“We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine.”也可以看出习惯在我们无意识的状态下就可以形成，习惯是无意识的、是自动的。由此可以看出习惯是一种无意识状态下的机械活动。故选项C是正确答案。选项A，B和D的意思在文中没有体现，是错误答案。
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