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  3. The sudden up thrust of warm, moist air into the terrible cold of the frozen heights is what creates thunder. The sudden stronge

The sudden up thrust of warm, moist air into the terrible cold of the frozen heights is what creates thunder. The sudden stronge

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问题     The sudden up thrust of warm, moist air into the terrible cold of the frozen heights is what creates thunder. The sudden stronger rubbing together or two unlike forces (very warm air against very cold air) develops a kind of electricity called "static electricity". Its charges pro duce lightning and thunder. (46)Thus the violence of the thunderstorm is an almost direct result of millions of warm water drops being thrown into compatible masses of ice crystals—hitting them, rolling over them, melting them, or being frozen by them into snow or hail.
    Exactly how the electric charge is developed by the many, complex forces of this battle of heat and cold is still a matter of opinion. Some scientists think the action of wind against the rain is the principal factor. (47)These scientists believe the wind tears off the outer surface of each falling drops, like pulling a sweater over a child’s head, making a fine negative charge while leaving the main part of the rain drop positive. Other scientists believe that the friction of snow crystals breaking in the wind sets up the electrical charge. In reality it may well be all these factors—and more—that combine to do the work.
    (48)In any case, huge masses of electrically charged raindrops and hailstones become sorted into positive and negative reserves of electrical energy at different parts of the thundercloud, creating between them fields of very great extremes. When the resistance between these fields breaks down, the energy that is suddenly discharged is lightning.
    I do not know of any case of lightning directly causing an airplane accident, Cattle and sheep are more likely to be struck by lightning than are airplanes or houses. There is a recorded case that occurred on a mountainside in the western part of the United States in which one bolt of lightning killed 835 sheep. (49)Evidently the hard, dry earth offered more resistance to the lightning than the route of traveling from the ground, up one leg of an animal, through its moist’ body, and down another leg.
    A person’s chances of being killed by a thunderstorm are not very great. In the United States an average of one person in 265,000 dies as a result of a thunderstorm. Today houses, ships, airplanes, and electric power lines are well protected against lightning, and the risk is decreasing. Even a man whose work exposes him almost daily to lightning can do something about it. (50)Despite the saying that one never knows if lightning strikes him, a person can sometimes feel the bolt coming and, if quick enough take protective action in time.

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答案尽管人们常说一个人从来不知道是否会遭到闪电的袭击，但是一个人有时能感觉到闪电的到来，如果动作快，就能及时采取保护措施。
解析 这是一个简单复合句，句型是：Despite....a person can...feel and...take action....，句首"despite"是介词，引导介词短语作状语，在介词短语中that引导的名词从句是saying的同位语，在同位语从句中，if(=whether)lightning...是一个名词从句，作know的宾语，"of"在句中等于"whether"。在主句中if quick enough(=if he is quick enough)是条件状语从句，为"take action"的前提条件。句中"bolt"作"闪电"讲。
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