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A controversial decision by London’s mayor, Sadiq Khan, to allow the demolition of a flagship Marks & Spencer store on London’s

admin2022-12-09  100
问题     A controversial decision by London’s mayor, Sadiq Khan, to allow the demolition of a flagship Marks & Spencer store on London’s Oxford Street is one of the highest-profile instances so far of what is certain to become a wider debate about embodied carbon. This crucial term, which refers to the carbon emissions of a building over its lifetime, urgently needs to be brought into wider circulation. In the UK, buildings are estimated to be responsible for 23％ of all emissions.
    With its millions of Victorian and Edwardian terraces, the UK has some of the oldest housing stock in the world. So the idea of a "throwaway building culture", as Will Hurst of the Architects ’Journal describes our contemporary attitude to construction, takes some getting used to. But developers, particularly of large-scale projects, routinely look for a blank slate on which to place a new edifice. Demolition is part of what the construction industry does.
    Emissions calculations are more complicated than in other sectors because of the role played by time. Arguments over the Marks & Spencer decision, and other proposed demolitions such as that of the fire-damaged Assembly Rooms in Derby, arise because short-term and long-term impacts have to be weighed along with other considerations. In environmental terms, the question comes down to whether the benefits of a new, energy-efficient building will offset the emissions of a demolition and construction project.
    Recycling and renovation are the way forward, and architects and engineers have come up with some ingenious solutions. One block of flats in Copenhagen reused the brick walls of a brewery by cutting them into panels. But such innovative examples of reuse aside, Lord Deben, chairman of the UK’s Climate Change Committee, was right to say last year that "we have to learn to make do and mend" as an alternative to pulling down buildings as a matter of course.
    Such a shift poses particular challenges in the dysfunctional UK, where property price inflation and rent extraction have, to a damaging extent, taken the place of economically productive activity. While the government has promised a new focus on embodied carbon, any shift in the approach taken by the construction industry will require economic incentives. Vague notions of corporate social responsibility will not solve the problems. Whole-life carbon assessments should form part of every planning process, with decision-makers empowered to reject schemes that do not meet strict standards. Changing the law to remove the tax advantage of new-builds over renovation is one obvious step.
    The size of this undertaking should not be underestimated. But nothing about the struggle against global heating is easy. Like his support for the Silvertown tunnel, Mr Khan’s refusal to prevent the Marks & Spencer scheme sends a worrying signal. The challenge is to make such decisions, and the economic and political conditions that enable them, a thing of the past as quickly as possible.
It can be learned that "embodied carbon"________.
选项 A、is the carbon emissions of demolished buildings
B、defines the constructiveness of modern buildings
C、was first brought to the public by Sadiq Khan
D、has not been widely popularized till now
答案D
解析 推断题。根据题干中的embodied carbon可定位至第一段。第二句提到，urgently needs to be brought into wider circulation(急需更广泛的传播)，选项D是对原文的同义改写，故正确。A项属于偷换概念，与原文refers to the carbon emissions of a building over its lifetime(指建筑物在其生命周期内的碳排放)的描述不符，故排除。B项属于无中生有，文中并未提到该术语定义了现代建筑的构造性，故排除。C项属于主观臆断，文中只是提到萨迪克.汗的决策会引发人们对隐含碳的讨论，并不是说该术语由萨迪克.汗提出，故排除。故本题答案为D项。
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