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  3. Move over Methuselah. Future generations could be living well into their second century and still doing Sudoku, if life expectan

Move over Methuselah. Future generations could be living well into their second century and still doing Sudoku, if life expectan

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问题     Move over Methuselah. Future generations could be living well into their second century and still doing Sudoku, if life expectancy predictions are true. Increasing by two years every decade, they show no signs of flattening out. Average lifespan worldwide is already double what it was 200 years ago. Since the 1980s, experts thought the increase in life expectancy would slow down and then stop, but forecasters have repeatedly been proved wrong.
    The reason behind the steady rise in life expectancy is "the decline in the death rate of the elderly", says Professor Tom Kirkwood from Newcastle University. He maintains that our bodies are evolving to maintain and repair themselves better and our genes are investing in this process to put off the damage which will eventually lead to death. As a result, there is no ceiling imposed by the realities of the aging process. "There is no use-by-date when we age. Aging is not a fixed biological process," Tom says.
    A large study of people aged 85 and over carried out by Professor Kirkwood discovered that there were a remarkable number of people enjoying good health and independence in their late 80s and beyond. With people reaching old age in better shape, it is safe to assume that this is all due to better eating habits, living conditions, education and medicine.
    There are still many people who suffer from major health problems, but modern medicine means doctors are better at managing long-term health conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease. "We are reaching old age with less accumulative damage than previous generations. We are less damaged," says Professor Kirkwood. Our softer lives and the improvements in nutrition and healthcare have had a direct impact on longevity.
    Nearly one-in-five people currently in the UK will live to see their birthday, the Office for National Statistics predicted last year. Life expectancy has continued to increase in the UK — from 73.4 years for the period 1991 to 1993 to 77.83 years for 2007 to 2009. A report in 2002 which looked at life expectancy pattern in different countries since 1840 concluded that there was no sign of natural limits to life.
    Researchers Jim Oeppen and Dr. James found that people in the country with the highest life expectancy would live to an average age of 100 in about six decades. But they stopped short of predicting anything more.
    "This is far from eternity: modest annual increments in life expectancy will never lead to immortality," the researchers said.
    We do not seem to be approaching anything like the limits of life expectancy, says Professor David Leon from the London School of Health and Medicine. "There has been no flattening out of the best of the best - the groups which everyone knows have good life expectancy and low mortality," he says.
    These groups, which tend to be in the higher social and economic groups in society, can live for several years longer than people in lower social groups, prompting calls for an end to inequalities within societies.
    Within populations, genes also have an important role to play in determining how long we could survive for — but environment is still the most important factor.
    It is no surprise that healthy-living societies like Japan have the highest life expectancies in the world. But it would still be incredible to think that life expectancy could go on rising forever. "I would bet there will be further increases in life expectancy and then it will probably begin to slow," says Tom, "but we just don’t know."
Based on recent studies made by various scholars, which of the following factors plays a fundamental role in man’s longevity?
选项 A、Genes
B、Eating habits
C、Environment
D、Medical condition
答案A
解析 该题问的是根据学者们最近做的研究，下面哪个因素在延长寿命中起到根本作用?A说的是基因因素；B说的是饮食习惯；C说的是环境因素，D说的是医学条件。B、C、D三项虽然文中也有提及：With people reaching old age in better shape．it is safe to assume that this is all due to better eatinghabits，living conditions，education and medicine．该句意思是随着人们变老健康状态更好，因此可以推断是与更健康的饮食习惯，生活条件，教育和医学有关。在这里这个结论也只是一种推论，而命题中的语气是非常肯定的语气。因此这三项都可以排除。另外A项在文章中可以找到答案的线索：genes areinvesting in this process to put off the damage which will eventually lead to death．说的是基因会参与到这个过程来延迟破损．而这个破损是通向死亡的，也就是基因起到推迟死亡的作用。因此A为正确答案。
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