2. 外语
  3. We know that it is impossible to set up a limited number of types that would do full justice to the peculiarities of thousands o

We know that it is impossible to set up a limited number of types that would do full justice to the peculiarities of thousands o

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问题     We know that it is impossible to set up a limited number of types
that would do full justice to the peculiarities of thousands of languages【S1】________
and dialects spoken on the surface of the earth. Like all human
institutions, speech is too variable and too elusive to be quite safely
ticketed. Even if we operate with a minutely subdivided scale of types,
we may be quite certain that many of our languages will need trim before【S2】________
they fit. To get them into the scheme at all it will be necessary to
underestimate the significance of this or that feature or to ignore, for the【S3】________
time being, certain contradictions in their mechanism. It would be too
easy to relieve ourselves from the burden of constructional thinking and【S4】________
to take the standpoint that each language has its unique history, therefore
its unique structure. Such a standpoint expresses only a half truth. Just
as similar social, economic, and religious institutions have grown up in
different parts of the world from distinct historical antecedents, so also
languages, travel along different roads, have tended to converge toward【S5】________
similar forms. Moreover, the historical study of language has proven to
us beyond all doubt that a language changes not only gradually but
consistently, that it moves unconsciously from one type towards others, 【S6】________
and that analogous trends are observable in remote quarters of the globe.
From this it follows that broadly similar study must not have been【S7】________
reached by unrelated languages, independently and frequently. In
assuming the existence of comparable types, however, we are not【S8】________
denying the individuality of all historical processes；we are merely
affirming that back of the face of history is powerful drifts that move【S9】________
language, like other social products, to balance patterns. 【S10】________
【S3】
选项
答案underestimate—overestimate
解析 语义错误。or一般连接两个感情色彩相反的成分，or之后是to ignore，前面所表达的意思则应该与“忽视”相反。因此应该将underestimate改为overestimate。由上下文可知，该句要表达的意思是“要使一切步入正轨，我们要么必须高估语言的种种特性，要么就忽略这个有机体中的某些矛盾。”
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