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  3. In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For questions 1 — 5, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G

In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For questions 1 — 5, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G

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问题 In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For questions 1 — 5, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices which you do not need to use.
    With the pace of technological change making heads spin, we tend to think of our age as the most innovative ever. We have smartphones and supercomputers, big data and nanotechnologies, gene therapy and stem-cell transplants. Yet nobody recently has come up with an invention half as useful as those sprang from late-19th and early-20th-century brains such as cars, planes, the telephone, radio and antibiotics.
    Modern science has failed to make anything like the same impact, and this is why a growing band of thinkers claim that the pace of innovation has slowed. 【R1】______.
    Yet that pattern is not as conclusively gloomy as the doomsayers claim. It is too early to write off the innovative impact of the present age.
    This generation’s contribution to technological progress lies mostly in information technology(IT).
    【R2】______. But as with electricity, companies will take time to learn how to use them, so it will probably be many decades before their full impact is felt.
    On the other hand, globalisation should make our period a fruitful one for innovation. 【R3】______
    So there are good reasons for thinking that the 21st century’s innovative juices will flow fast. But there are also reasons to watch out for impediments. The biggest danger is government.
    When government was smaller, innovation was easier. Industrialists could introduce new processes or change a product’s design without a man from the ministry claiming some regulation had been brokea It is a good thing that these days pharmaceuticals are stringently tested and factory emissions controlled. 【R4】______.
    The state has also notably failed to open itself up to innovation. 【R5】______. There is vast scope for IT to boost productivity in health care and education, if only those sectors were more open to change.
    The rapid growth in the rich world before the 1970s was encouraged by public spending on infrastructure(including in sewage systems)and basic research: the computer, the internet and the green revolution in food technology all sprang out of science, where there was no immediate commercial aim. Even in those straitened war times, money should still be found for basic research into areas such as carbon capture and storage.
    For governments that do these things well, the rewards could be huge. The risk that innovation may slow is a real one, but can be avoided. Whether it happens or not is, like most aspects of mankind’s fate, up to him.
[A]Many more brains are at work now than were 100 years ago: Western inventors have been joined in the race to produce cool new stuff by inventors from other countries.
[B]Productivity is mostly stagnant in the public sector. Unions have often managed to prevent governments even publishing the performance indicators which, elsewhere, have encouraged managers to innovate.
[C]According to Robert Gordon, productivity supports the pessimists’ case: it took off in the mid-19th century, accelerated in the early 20th century and held up pretty well until the early 1970s. It then dipped sharply, ticked up in late 1990s with computerisation and dipped again in the mid-2000s.
[D]But officialdom tends to write far more rules than are necessary for the public good, which is strangling innovation. Even many regulations designed to help innovation are not working well. The West’s intellectual-property system, for instance, is a mess, because it grants too many patents of dubious merit.
[E]But the pollution control mechanisms adopted in the United States have tended toward detailed regulation of technology, leaving polluters little choice in how to achieve the environmental goals. This "command-and-control" strategy needlessly increases the cost of pollution controls and may even slow our progress toward a cleaner environment.
[F]Rather as electrification changed everything by allowing energy to be used far from where it was generated, computing and communications technologies transform lives and businesses by allowing people to make calculations and connections far beyond their unaided capacity.
[G]The specific example we discussed was that there is increasing evidence that when a professor or company gets a patent in the field of genetics research, other researchers simply stop doing work in that specific area.
【R1】
选项
答案C
解析 本题空格出现在第二段后半部分。空格前文指出越来越多的人认为创新的速度在当代已放缓。而空格后文即第三段指出作者观点：然而，这种格局并没有人们想的那样悲观。Yet表明第二、三段间转折关系，说明空格处应与第二段已有文字在内容上统一，即对“创新放缓“这一内容的论述。[C]选项摆出人物观点，借百年间生产力发展情况数据说明当代创新放缓的趋势，与上下文相统一，因此[C]为正确答案。
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