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It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases

admin2019-05-15  69
问题    It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.
   Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It includes not only "remembering" things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involving any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-old child learns to swing a baseball bat.
   Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory-storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100, 000 "words"—ready for instant use. An average U. S. teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 100, 000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.
   The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a person’ s memory is in terms of words and combinations of words.
According to the passage, memory is considered to be______.
选项 A、the basis for decision making and problem solving
B、an ability to store experiences for future use
C、an intelligence typically possessed by human beings
D、the data mainly consisting of words and combinations of words
答案B
解析 细节题。根据第二段第一句可知，记忆被定义为保存信息以备后用的能力，与选项B(一种储存经历以备将来使用的能力)意思一致。根据第一段第二句可知，我们做决定的基础以及我们的习惯和技能的根源都存在于过去的经历中，所以选项A(做决定和解决问题的基础)错误。根据第三段第一句可知，不仅人类和动物有记忆，一些物体和机器也有记忆，故排除选项C(一种只有人类才有的智慧)。选项D(主要由词以及词的组合构成的数据)文中并未提及。故本题选B。
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