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  3. The greatest recent social changes have been in the lives of women. During the twentieth century there has been a remarkable sho

The greatest recent social changes have been in the lives of women. During the twentieth century there has been a remarkable sho

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问题     The greatest recent social changes have been in the lives of women. During the twentieth century there has been a remarkable shortening of the proportion of a woman’s life spent in caring for children. A woman marrying at the end of the nineteenth century would probably have been in her middle twenties, and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old. By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a further twenty years, during which custom, opportunity and health made it unusual for her to get paid work.  Today women marry younger and have fewer children.  Usually a woman’s youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five and can be expected to live another thirty-five years and is likely to take paid work until retirement at sixty. Even while she has the care of children, her work is lightened by household appliances and convenience foods.
    This important change in woman’s life-pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect on woman’s economic position. Even a few years ago most girls left school at the first opportunity, and most of them took a full time job. However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay atschool after that age, and though women tend to marry younger, more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. Very many more afterwards return to full or part-time job. Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family fife, and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the home, according to the abilities and interests of each of them.
How many children would a woman have in the nineteenth century and what is the difference now?
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答案A woman would have seven or eight children.
解析 参见第一段第三句、第五句。
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