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  3. This is a particular moment in the history of digital networks, one when powerful corporate actors(参与者)and high-performance netw

This is a particular moment in the history of digital networks, one when powerful corporate actors(参与者)and high-performance netw

admin2013-07-02  41
问题     This is a particular moment in the history of digital networks, one when powerful corporate actors(参与者)and high-performance networks are strengthening the role of private electronic space and altering the structure of public electronic space. Electronic space has emerged not simply as a means for communicating, but as a major new theatre for capital accumulation and the operations of global actors. Our thinking about electronic space and network power, however, has been shaped by the properties of the Internet.

    The Internet is a space of distributed power that limits the possibilities of authoritarian and monopoly control. It is by now well-known that the particular features of the Internet are in part a function of the early computer hacker culture which designed software that strengthened the original design of the Net’s openness and decentralization and which sought to make it universally available at no cost. But it is becoming evident since the mid-1990s that it is also a space for contestation and segmentation. Now that business has discovered the Net, we are seeing attempts to commercialize it through the development of software that can capitalize on the Net’s features and through the extension of copyrights, in other words, the opposite of the early hacker culture.
    Further, it has become important to distinguish the Internet, or public space, and private electronic space. When it comes to the broader subject of network power, most computer networks are private. It might be worth repeating that even if we just consider Internet Protocol compatible networks and we take the figures for the period preceding the explosion of business interest in the Net, also then most networks were private: just counting networks as opposed to traffic volume, in 1994 there were about 40, 000 IP compatible networks, but the Internet itself accounted for about 12, 000 of these. Since then both figures have jumped enormously. The main point here is that a lot of network power may not necessarily have the attributes of the Internet. Indeed, much of this is concentrated power and reproduces hierarchy rather than distributed power. The financial markets, operating largely through private electronic networks, are a good instance of an alternative form of electronic network power. The three properties of electronic networks speed, simultaneity and interconnectivity have produced strikingly different outcomes in this case from those of the Internet.
______ provide a platform for capital accumulation and the operations of global actors.
选项
答案Electronic space
解析 第一段第二句指出电子空间的出现不仅是作为一种通讯手段，同时也是资本积累和全球商业参与者运作的一个大剧场。这里的theater是比喻义，实际上是说电子空间提供了一个平台，故答案填Electronic space。
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