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  3. When considering risk factors associated with serious chronic diseases, we often think about health indicators such as cholester

When considering risk factors associated with serious chronic diseases, we often think about health indicators such as cholester

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问题    When considering risk factors associated with serious chronic diseases, we often think about health indicators such as cholesterol, blood pressure, and body weight. But poor diet and physical inactivity also each increase the risk of heart disease and have a role to play in the development of some cancers. Perhaps worse, the【C1】______effects of an unhealthy diet and insufficient exercise are not limited to your body. Recent research has also shown that【C2】______in a high-fat and high-sugar diet may have negative effects on your brain, causing learning and memory【C3】______.
   Studies have found obesity is associated with impairments in cognitive functioning, as【C4】______by a range of learning and memory tests, such as the ability to remember a list of words presented some minutes or hours earlier. There is also a growing body of evidence that diet-induced cognitive impairments can emerge【C5】______—within weeks or even days. For example, one study found healthy adults【C6】______to a high-fat diet for five days showed impaired attention, memory, and mood compared with a low-fat diet control group. Another study also found eating a high-fat and high-sugar breakfast each day for as little as four days resulted in problems with learning and memory【C7】______to those observed in overweight and obese individuals.
   Body weight was not hugely different between the groups eating a healthy diet and those on high fat and sugar diets. So this shows negative【C8】______of poor dietary intake can occur even when body weight has not changed【C9】______Thus, body weight is not always the best indicator of health and a thin person still needs to eat well and exercise【C10】______.
   A) assessed F) designated K) loopholes
   B) assigned G) detrimental D rapidly
   C) consequences H) digestion M) redundant
   D) conspicuously I) excelling N) regularly
   E) deficits J) indulging O) similar
【C6】
选项
答案B
解析 [语法判断]空格位于found之后的宾语从句中，从句的主语是healthy adults，而______to a high-fat diet for five days为adults的后置定语，因此空格处需要填入动词的分词形式，再考虑空格处与adults的逻辑关系，可推知应使用过去分词形式。[语义判断]空格所在句提到，在研究中，高脂肪饮食的健康成年人在5天后与低脂肪饮食对照组相比，其注意力、记忆力和情绪都会受损，由此可知研究存在实验组和对照组，而这些高脂肪饮食的人应该是按照指派进行的。因此，assigned“分派，指派”符合文义，故答案为B)。F)designated“任命，选定，指派”的干扰项性较强，该词虽也有指派之意，但多表示任职或指定名称，没有分组的含义，故排除。
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