首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Ant Intelligence A)When we think of intelligent members of the animal kingdom, the creatures that spring immediately to mind are
Ant Intelligence A)When we think of intelligent members of the animal kingdom, the creatures that spring immediately to mind are
admin
2014-12-26
59
问题
Ant Intelligence
A)When we think of intelligent members of the animal kingdom, the creatures that spring immediately to mind are apes and monkeys. But in fact the social lives of some members of the insect kingdom are sufficiently complex to suggest more than a hint of intelligence. Among these, the world of the ant has come in for considerable scrutiny lately, and the idea that ants demonstrate sparks of cognition has certainly not been rejected by those involved in these investigations.
B)Ants store food, repel attackers and use chemical signals to contact one another in case of attack. Such chemical communication can be compared to the human use of visual and auditory channels(as in religious chants, advertising image sand jingles, political slogans and martial music)to arouse and propagate moods and attitudes. The biologist Lewis Thomas wrote, Ants are so much like human beings as to be an embarrassment. They farm fungi, raise aphids as livestock, launch armies to war, use chemical sprays to alarm and confuse enemies, capture slaves, engage in child labour, exchange information ceaselessly. They do everything but watch television.
C)However, in ants there is no cultural transmission—everything must be encoded in the genes—whereas in humans the opposite is true. Only basic instincts are carried in the genes of a newborn baby, other skills being learned from others in the community as the child grows up.
D)It may seem that this cultural continuity gives us a huge advantage over ants. They have never mastered fire nor progressed. Their fungus farming and aphid herding crafts are sophisticated when compared to the agricultural skills of humans five thousand years ago but have been totally overtaken by modern human agribusiness.
E)Or have they? The farming methods of ants are at least sustainable. They do not ruin environments or use enormous amounts of energy. Moreover, recent evidence suggests that the crop farming of ants may be more sophisticated and adaptable than was thought.
F)Ants were farmers fifty million years before humans were. Ants can’t digest the cellulose in leaves—but some fungi can. The ants therefore cultivate these fungi in their nests, bringing them leaves to feed on, and then aphids(small insects of a different species from ants)use them as a source of food. Farmer ants secrete antibiotics to control other fungi that might act as "weeds", and spread waste to fertilise the crop.
G)It was once thought that the fungus that ants cultivate was a single type that they had propagated, essentially unchanged from the distant past. Not so. Ulrich Mueller of Maryland and his colleagues genetically screened 862 different types of fungi taken from ants’ nests. These turned out to be highly diverse: it seems that ants are continually domesticating new species. Even more impressively, DNA analysis of the fungi suggests that the ants improve or modify the fungi by regularly swapping and sharing strains with neighbouring ant colonies.
H)Whereas prehistoric man had no exposure to urban lifestyles—the forcing house of intelligence—the evidence suggests that ants have lived in urban settings for close on a hundred million years, developing and maintaining underground cities of specialised chambers and tunnels.
I)When we survey Mexico City, Tokyo, Los Angeles, we are amazed at what has been accomplished by humans. Yet Hoelldoblerand Wilson’ s magnificent work for ant lovers, The Ants, describes a super colony of the ant Formica yessensis on the Ishikari Coast of Hokkaido. This "megalopolis" was reported to be composed of 360 million workers and a million queens living in 4,500 interconnected nests across a territory of 2.7 square kilometres.
J)Such enduring and intricately meshed levels of technical achievement outstrip by far anything achieved by our distant ancestors. We hail as masterpieces the cave paintings in southern France and elsewhere, dating back some 20,000 years. Ant societies existed in something like their present form more than seventy million years ago. Beside this, prehistoric man looks technologically primitive. Is this then some kind of intelligence, albeit of a different kind?
K)Research conducted at Oxford, Sussex and Zurich Universities has shown that when desert ants return from a foraging trip, they navigate by integrating bearings and distances, which they continuously update in their heads. They combine the evidence of visual landmarks with a mental library of local directions, all within a framework which is consulted and updated. So ants can learn, too.
L)And in a twelve-year programme of work, Ryabko and Reznikova have found evidence that ants can transmit very complex messages. Scouts who had located food in amaze returned to mobilise their foraging teams. They engaged in contact sessions, at the end of which the scout was removed in order to observe what her team might do. Often the foragers proceeded to the exact spot in the maze where the food had been. Elaborate precautions were taken to prevent the foraging team using odour clues.
M)Discussion now centres on whether the route through the maze is communicated as a "left-right" sequence of turns or as a "compass bearing and distance" message.
N)During the course of this exhaustive study, Reznikova has grown so attached to her laboratory ants that she feels she knows them as individuals—even without the paint spots used to mark them. It’s no surprise that Edward Wilson, in his essay, "In the company of ants", advises readers who ask what to do with the ants in their kitchen to: "Watch where you step. Be careful of little lives."
The ants cultivate a large number of different species of edible fungi which convert cellulose into a form which they can digest.
选项
答案
F
解析
根据关键词“digest”定位于F段第二、三句,“Ants can’t digest the cellulosein leaves--but some fungi can.The ants therefore cultivate these fungi in their nests.bringingthem leaves to feed on,and then aphids use them as a source of food.”意思是,蚂蚁不能消化叶子中的纤维,但一些真菌可以。它们便在自己的巢里培育这些真菌,然后吃叶子,而真菌则成为蚂蚁的食物来源。题干与原文大意相符,故选F。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Lim7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
WhydoweinvestsomuchhopeinnewtechnologyandwhyarewesodisappointedwhentheNextBigThingturnsouttobejustane
Ifyou’reoneofthosepeoplewhotendstoputonweightaroundyourmiddle,whatdoctorscallan"appleshape"—whattherestof
A、Someofthemareexpertsinpsychology.B、Theymostlyaimatincautiouspeople.C、Theyshouldchangetheirattitude.D、Theykn
Go(围棋)isanancientAsiangame.Inrecentyears,computerexperts,particularlythose【C1】______inartificialintelligence,have
A、Hewenttothesmokingroom.B、Hewenttothenon-drinkingsection.C、Heputouthiscigartte.D、Hestoppeddrinking.C细节题。对话结
A、Drinkingisnotallowedontheplane.B、Themanwantstoenjoyadrinkontheplane.C、Thereisasmokingsectionontheplane
Economicsandweatherhavealotincommon.Knowingwhatconditionswillbelikeinthefutureweeksormonthsisnoteasy.One
A、Itwasn’tverywelldesigned.B、Itsresultswerejustasexpected.C、Itfullyreflectedthestudents’ability.D、Itsresultsf
A、Governmentsraisethetaxesoncigarettes.B、Multinationaltobaccocompaniessupportsportsevents.C、Farmersgrowtobaccoto
Whentelevisionisgood,nothing—notthetheater,notthemagazinesornewspapers—isbetter.Butwhentelevisionisbad,not
随机试题
邓小平提出“一国两制”构想最初是为了解决
下列有关在Word2010中打印一个文档的第10页的操作,不正确的是________。
A.雌激素水平过高B.雄激素减少,雌激素相对增多C.尿中hCG明显增高D.雄激素水平过高子宫内膜腺癌是由于
关于急性白血病的化疗方案,错误的是
煤矿安全监察机构实行的是上下垂直的管理体制,与地方政府没有人、财、物的关系,因此是代表国家行驶对煤矿安全的监察职能,这属于安全监察体制的()的特点。
中学化学教学的难点与重点的关系是()。
材料3:刚刚范读完课本,我发现坐在后排的尹洋在偷偷地写什么东西。我不动声色走过去,原来是一张小纸条,我把它没收了,展开一看,只见上面赫然写着班上一个男生的名字,还有几句稚气的话,我忍不住笑了起来,我这一笑不打紧,全班同学的好奇心都被激发起来了,特别是几个调
若2x+y=z,4x=7y+5z,则x:y:z=().
《民法典》第1133条规定:“自然人可以依照本法规定立遗嘱处分个人财产,并可以指定遗嘱执行人。自然人可以立遗嘱将个人财产指定由法定继承人中的一人或者数人继承。自然人可以立遗嘱将个人财产赠与国家、集体或者法定继承人以外的组织、个人。自然人
已知矩阵A与B相似,其中求x与y;
最新回复
(
0
)