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  3. 　　The amount of heat Earth traps has roughly doubled since 2005, contributing to more rapidly warming oceans, air and land. "The

　　The amount of heat Earth traps has roughly doubled since 2005, contributing to more rapidly warming oceans, air and land. "The

admin2022-02-15  1
问题 　　The amount of heat Earth traps has roughly doubled since 2005, contributing to more rapidly warming oceans, air and land. "The magnitude of the increase is unprecedented," said Norman Loeb, a NASA scientist and lead author of the study. "The Earth is warming faster than expected. "
　　Using satellite data, researchers measured what is known as Earth’s energy imbalance—the difference between how much energy the planet absorbs from the sun, and how much it is able to shed, or radiate back out into space. When there is a positive imbalance—Earth absorbing more heat than it is losing—it is a first step toward global warming, said Stuart Evans, a climate scientist at the University at Buffalo.
　　That imbalance roughly doubled between 2005 and 2019, the study found. "It is a massive amount of energy," said Gregory Johnson, an oceanographer for NOAA’s Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. The energy increase is equivalent to every person on Earth using 20 electric tea kettles at once.
　　Oceans absorb most of that heat, about 90 percent. When researchers compared satellite data to temperature readings from a system of ocean sensors, they found a similar pattern. The agreement between the data sets surpassed expectations, Loeb said, calling it the " nail in the coffin " for the imbalance results.
　　The biggest outstanding question is what is driving the acceleration. The study points to decreases in cloud cover and sea ice, which reflect solar energy back into space, and an increase in greenhouse gases emitted by humans as well as water vapor, which trap more heat in the Earth, as factors in the imbalance. But it is difficult to discern human-induced changes from cyclical variations in the climate, the researchers said.
　　But, Johnson says, that doesn’t let humans off the hook. "We’re responsible for some of it, "he said. It’s just unclear how much. Kevin Trenberth, a distinguished scholar at the National Center of Atmospheric Research, said the results of the study aren’t particularly surprising given these climatic variations. But 15 years is not enough time to establish a trend, he said. That too is unclear, Johnson said. The imbalance could shrink in some years compared to others, he said, but the general trajectory appears to be upward. "The longer we observe it," he said, "the more certain we become of the trend. "
　　Regardless of the magnitude or reasons for the accelerated imbalance, the fact that it is positive is crucial, said Trenberth. "The fact that it’s positive means that global heating is happening. "
The global warming probably results from_________.
选项 A、warming oceans, air and land
B、energy absorbed from the sun
C、energy shed by Earth
D、energy accumulated by Earth
答案D
解析 细节题。根据题干可定位至第二段第二句，由“a positive imbalance——Earth absorbing more heat than it is losing”可知，这种正向的热量差(地球吸收的热量比释放掉的多)导致了全球变暖，而选项D中accumulated“累积的”同样表示“正向差”，故选项D正确；选项A是全球变暖的表现，而不是原因，故排除；选项B和选项C均是计算地球能量差中的一部分，故排除。
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