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  3. The global economy’s most striking feature nowadays is the magnitude and interconnectedness of the macro risks that it faces. Th

The global economy’s most striking feature nowadays is the magnitude and interconnectedness of the macro risks that it faces. Th

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问题     The global economy’s most striking feature nowadays is the magnitude and interconnectedness of the macro risks that it faces. The post-crisis period has produced a multi-speed world, as the major advanced economies—with the notable exception of Germany—struggle with low growth and high unemployment, while the main emerging-market economies have restored growth to pre-crisis levels.
    This divergence is mirrored in public finances. Emerging economies’ debt-to-GDP ratios are trending down toward 40%, while those of advanced economies are trending up toward 100%, on average. Neither Europe nor the United States has put in place credible medium-term plans to stabilize their fiscal positions. The volatility of the euro-dollar exchange rate reflects the uncertainty about which side of the Atlantic faces higher risks.
    In Europe, this has led to several ratings downgrades of the sovereign debt of the most distressed countries, accompanied by bouts of contagion spilling over to the euro. More seem likely.
    As for the US, Moody’s recently issued a warning on the country’s sovereign debt in the face of uncertainty about Congress’s willingness to raise the debt ceiling amid highly partisan debate about the deficit. Both issues—the debt ceiling and a credible deficit-reduction plan—remain unresolved.
    Moreover, economic growth in the US is modest, and appears to come mainly from segments of the tradable sector that are exposed to and benefit from emerging-market demand. The non-tradable sector, which created virtually all of the new employment in the two decades prior to the crisis, is stagnating, owing to a shortfall in domestic demand and seriously constrained government budgets. The result is persistent unemployment. Meanwhile, the tradable side is not large enough in competitive terms to take up the slack in growth and employment.
    By contrast, emerging markets’ rapid growth and urbanization are delivering a global investment boom, documented in a recent McKinsey Global Institute study. A likely consequence is that the cost of capital will rise in the next few years, putting pressure on highly leveraged entities, including governments that have grown accustomed to a low interest-rate environment and may not see this shift coming.
    Countries with persistent structural current-account deficits will incur additional external-financing costs, and eventually will reach the limits of leverage. At that point, the weak productivity and competitiveness of their tradable sectors will become clear.
    Adjustments will need to be made. The options are higher investment levels financed by domestic savings, productivity growth, and increased competitiveness, or stagnant real incomes as rebalancing occurs through the exchange-rate mechanism.
    Many of these structural problems were hidden from view before the crisis, thereby delaying both market and policy responses. In the US, excess domestic consumption, based on a debt-fueled asset bubble, helped to sustain employment and growth, though the current account held worrying signs. In several European countries, governments, aided by low interest rates, filled in the gap created by lagging productivity.
It is indicated in the first two paragraphs that______.
选项 A、the debt proportion in GDP of emerging economies is much higher than that of advanced economies
B、all advanced economies are facing low growth and high unemployment caused by the financial crisis
C、public finances are a reflection of the difference in growth rate between emerging and advanced economies
D、economic crisis is less severe and interrelated now than before
答案C
解析 属事实细节题。选项A中的debt proportion in GDP与文章第二段第一句中的debt-to-GDP ratio同义，新兴经济体的这一比率为40％，而发达国家这一比率则达到100％，与原文恰好相反，故选项A错误。选项B犯了夸大其词的错误，根据文中第一段第二句中的with thenotable exception of Germany，可得知德国经济增长速度并未受到金融危机严重影响，故错误。文章第二段第一句就提到这种差异(增长速度的差异)可在公共财政上反映出来，与选项C意思相同，故选项C正确。选项D犯了曲解原文的错误，与文章第一句意思恰好相反，故错误。
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